After high school Essay Example for Free

After proud school EssayAs we admit older, more and more problems start out to form. When we reach our teenage years though, it becomes worse. One problem I think the unassailableest is for young adults is deciding what we want to do for the rest of our lives when we argon so young. You take back the sack go to college, military or the working field depending on your preference. When were in high school, we progress to to raise our hand and ask to use the restroom, go to the office to make any phone c solely no matter how important it may be and have ridiculous dress code rules. You atomic number 18 treated resembling a child from kindergarten all the way up to senior year and yet they expect you to make the close important decisiveness of your life then. One thing that nation do straight out of high school is go directly to the work field. Although its normally in closely packs best interest not to, not everyone is made for college. Unless you be extremely lucky , it has been found that people who didnt advance to other reproduction after high school make 85% less than those with a college diploma. My brother has a roommate in college and his dad dropped out of college after his offset printing year or two and he makes more money than most people will ever see. His wife doesnt have to work and his kids have it made when it comes to the materialistic things in life. He owns his own real estate company in Pittsburgh and sells and rents houses to people.He does most of his own work so he doesnt have to pay people to do it, which is very convenient for him. Although most people do not stick around as lucky as him, thats okay for some people because money isnt everything though. Sometimes its better to take time off of school instead of cachexia all that money when you tangle witht even up know what you are planning on doing for the rest of your life and going straight to college. There are many reasons why people decide to not go to colleg e, not because they just dont think that they brook do it. Sometimes people have kids before they plan, family problems or even they just cant get help to pay for it so it holds them back from attending. College is an expensive thing that most people dont want to pay for. You have years of loans to pay back and for a lot of people they end up abominable at their jobs after a few years. It is also very hard to get help to pay for you college education. When my cousin tried getting help for college, because she had a full time job and no kids she could get barely any money even though she wasnt getting any help from her parents.If college good-tempered isnt the right thing for you but you dont want McDonalds to be your onlydefinite in for a job, the military is a long option. Although you have to work your butt off for it, the military gives awesome benefits. Of course its nothing that the NBA players make, which is ridiculous, but it is still a lot just for existence in the mili tary. A player in the NBA averages about $5.15 million per year and all the do is dribble and shoot a basketball for a liveness where people in the military have to work their tails off every single day to fight for our country and they only get about $70 thousand per year. There is a lot of schooling that they will pay for you so you can still get an education while beingness in the military. Not only will you get your schooling remunerative for, but also you can even get paid for going. Also, they have programs like ROTC where you can still train for the military but you are in an actual college getting your education. As well as getting your education paid for, you also get broad medical care, financial security and you can retire around 20 years before other people do. If you get all of that stuff paid for, is there even anything left to buy? Food and housing. No worries, in the Army, you receive a regular paycheck and free housing including meals. If you live off of base, y ou will still receive a housing allowance.Even if the amount of free meals and the checks dont cover all of the food you want, some restaurants and grocery stores offer military discounts, which will also save a lot of money. My dad owns houses and rent them out to people and the archetypal thing he looks at is what kind of job they have to make sure they can keep up with rent. Last summer there was a guy from the Army that tried to rent of my dad and he told him that the monthly paying isnt going to be a big deal because he gets checks from the Army specifically for his housing so it is totally free for him. Although college isnt everyones best option, I believe its more worth it than working forever at a job that barely gets you by. Colleges can genuinely help you out when you arent exactly sure what you want to do. Some even make you take a full year of worldwide education classes just so you are sure that you want to be in that major. zip should waste thousands of dollars j ust to change their mind like 50-70% of college kids end up doing. Also, most colleges have classes that help you transition from high school to college and help get good study habits and things like that.For most kids, what they do for the school like sports, music, theatre and clubs is the most important part of high school. Proceeding to college gives you the opportunity to besidesyour career in things like that where there are plenty of sports, clubs, divers(prenominal) bands and also sororities and fraternities. Although that would be going to college for the wrong reasons, a college education in general expands your knowledge base, makes you more organized and exposes you to a whole new world of learning. There are also so many different types of colleges though. Depending on your preference, you can go to school for a few months or 12 years. There are community colleges, tech schools, four-year schools and also schools that are totally based on what you want to do. At the f our-year schools, you have to take a certain amount of general education courses where as a college with a certain amount of month program, all of your classes are dedicated for your major.Every school that you go to has a variety of majors to choose from which also make the college option hard. There are some things that people will never even hear of until they go to college and even then, there are thousands of jobs you can do with most majors that people will probably never even know throughout their entire life. A lot of people dont realize that a really big benefit of going to both college and the military is the life long friends that you make. Of course youll always have your friends from high school, but college and the military both give you the opportunity to start over and make new friends. As you can see, there are benefits to every option you decide to do when you graduate high school. There are also a lot of cons to the option that you decide. It all depends on the pe rson and what they are like. Its just a very hard decision to make when you are barely old enough to stay outside past 11pm. We are very uneducated about the all the different majors in college and the benefits of or other options if we decided to not go to college. We have only lived about a quarter of our life and we are anticipate to decide what we want to do for three more quarters of our life. This decision is the one that is going to affect you for the rest of your life and I just dont think that we are educated enough to make it.

North Korean Authoritative Government Essay Example for Free

North Korean Authoritative Government EssayIn this paper, I will set out to explain why authoritarianism regimes such as the one and only(a) in North Korea, still continues to govern even though the governance is one of the more(prenominal) corrupted types of government still in existence today. The word authoritarianism is defined as, a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute potentate (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc. )(Word Net) in that respect atomic number 18 currently many countries in our world that atomic number 18 not democratic societies. There be authoritarian regimes that still exist today. Probably one of the more well known authoritarian regimes is the government in North Korea. North Korea gained its independence from Japan in the year 1945. Kim Jong Il is currently the leader of North Korea. The mismanagement of economics through the 1990s has make North Korea rely heavily on international aid to feed its population . North Korea has expanded their resources to help develop a troops of about one million soldiers. Central Intelligence Agency) North Koreas long-range missile development, as well as its nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons programs and massive conventional armed forces, atomic number 18 of major concern to the international community. (Central Intelligence Agency) The government in North Korea is a big firearm to blame for the economic struggles. In President scrubbings first State of the Union Speech he decl ard North Korea as part of the Axis of Evil. President pubic hair also went on to say his goal was, to prevent regimes that sponsor terror from threatening America or our friends with weapons of mass destruction. He singled out Iraq, Iran and North Korea, claiming these posits and their terrorist allies constitute an axis of evil arming to threaten the peace of the world. (Fact Sheet) The United States must act against these regimes by denying them the material s, technology and expertise to make nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and provide them to terrorists, Bush said. (Fact Sheet) North Korea is currently a communist-state one-man dictatorship. Under a communist-state one-man dictatorship elections are held but there is nobody to run against the leader.For instance in September of 2003 there was an election held in North Korea. Kim Jong Il and Kim Yong Nam were the only nominees for the positions and nobody opposed them. (Central Intelligence Agency) The government controls the great deal. The government rules a lot of what the mass of North Korea can do or say. For the executive branch in this country, Kim Jong Il has been the ruler since July of 1994. Kim Yong Nam is the president of its Presidium and he also has the responsibility of representing state and receiving diplomatic credentials. Central Intelligence Agency) As for the legislative branch, the ruling party approves a list of candidates who are elected without oppo sition, but close to seats are held by minor parties. (Central Intelligence Agency) The judicial branch of North Korea consists of a central court, and the judges are elected by the Supreme Peoples Assembly. The way this government is set up is very different than the way the democratic states are set up. In a democratic purchase order the people absorb to vote for leaders and high ranking officials. While in these authoritarianistic regimes, the people claim no say in who is going to run their country.There make believe been many North Koreans that have tried to escape either to China or south Korea. Few people have made it crossways the boarders safely. However, if they fail to escape and they are captured by the North Korean array they will be tortured or even executed in some cases. (Pearson Education) North Korea, one of the worlds most secretive societies, has been accused of egregious human-rights violations, including summary executions, torture, inhumane conditions in prison camps, which hold up to 200,000 prisoners, and denial of freedom of materialisation and movement.Access to the country is strictly limited and North Koreas domestic media is tightly controlled, making it difficult to substantiate the accusations. (Pearson Education) I believe a huge part of why North Korea is actually still in existence is because the military has so much control on the people. Of course no country wants to sop up a war with North Korea because of their military strength and their nuclear weapons. A number of stabilizing elements assist the regimes efforts to maintain internal order.The society seems united in popular support for the party, and the people have a strong sense of national pride. Kim Il Sung, by all indications, truly is prize and supported by the customary population. (Federal Research Division Library of Congress Pg 275) It is difficult for people that are from a democratic government to actually infer why authoritarianism government s work. Most all of the authoritarianism governments that I know have a strong following from their people.Whether the masses like the leader because he is helping the economy or helping a food shortage situation is an different story. Personally I think these people in these countries are so afraid of what the leader might do to them or their family that they just do what they are told. Of course these people have never had it any different way. They dont know what it is like to have a democracy. They dont know what it is like to voice their creed. The people in North Korea didnt channel to choose where they wanted to be born.If we had a free world Im sure when some of those people realized that there are better governments in the world that wont control your every move thusly they would leave the country. It is just not that easy for anyone to just get up and go to China or confederation Korea. People born into democratic societies should be thankful that they can enjoy the f reedoms that they have, because there are new(prenominal) parts of the world where the idea of having rights is completely out of their control. There is no possible way the people can over throw the government in North Korea.North Korea has too strong of a military. One way the government will get overthrown is if it is done internally. The second way it will get overthrown is if they go to war with another country and they lose their power. Indeed, research on Korean communism has become the pursuit of an avocation, meandering off the mainstream of contemporary brotherly science. Most students of Korean communism have come under the influence, in varying degrees, of the lingering legacy of Kremlinology and the advancing model of Chinese studies.Following the general lines of development in Chinese studies in the 1960s and 1970s, research on Korean communism has shown an uneven advancement. On balance, research and knowledge concerning North Koreas domestic politics and economy h ave developed more rapidly and significantly than the study of its foreign policy, which has remained neglected and underdeveloped. (Kim Pg282) The economy in North Korea is struggling. collect to flooding and the lack of arable land, the people in North Korea are at a food shortage. Massive amounts of international food aid have allowed people of North Korea not to starve. Central Intelligence Agency) Mal-nutrition and poor living conditions still exist heavily in North Korea. As with everything else in the country, the government has the right to control the food and economic conditions. The religions that are practiced in this authoritarianism government are traditionally Buddhist and Confucianist, with some Christian and syncretic Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way. ) Autonomous religions activities now are almost nonexistent government sponsored religious groups exist to provide illusion of religious freedom. (Central Intelligence Agency) Like other authoritarianistic gov ernments such as Cuba, Iran, Afghanistan, and Iraq until not to long ago, the regimes will last until somebody does something about it. The United States ended the authoritarianism regime in Iraq because we had enough military power to overtake Sadaam Hussein. The U. S. troops are still over in Iraq try to force the Iraqi people into having a democracy. The Iraqi people that have voted so far on the new leader of their country is not a man that the United States wants to have them run their country.Sadaam Hussein would still be in power and have complete control of Iraq if the United States didnt take him out of power. The military balance in South Korea is much stronger then North Korea. In case of another North Korean invasion, the South Korean military only has about 600,000 people while the north has nigh one million. However these numbers are misleading because of the fact that these numbers dont include the superior training, equipment, and logistical support that the south has. Kang Pg 262) The South has outspent the North on defense in the last 15 years, if not longer. (Kang Pg 262) North Koreas nuclear threats are a grave concern for South Korea and the rest of the world. The Soviets were building bombs in the 1950s and China developed a nuclear bomb in the early 1960s. North Korea didnt start trying to assemble nuclear weapons until South Korea became a threat to them because they were overtaking North Korea in a lot of areas during the 1970s. Kang Pg 266) North Koreas significance to the world with a bomb is much greater than without a bomb. (Kang Pg 266)In conclusion, there are many reasons why the authoritarianism regime in North Korea is still up and zip to this day. There is simply no way that anyone can overthrow the government unless it is done internally. The people located in these authoritarianism regimes usually like the leader, and deem to what he says. These people didnt choose where they wanted to be born just like nobody in a dem ocratic state had an opinion as to where they would like to be born.It is sad that most all of the money spent in North Korea is aimed toward building up a better military and not helping out with the economy or the food shortages. The only way these people know how to live is to be ruled by a dictator. Until the United States or some other world power takes down North Korea, the authoritarianism regime will continue to govern.

Background Research Essay Example for Free

Background Research EssayInstructions For each question, do in one or more paragraphs of at least four complete sentences. Include supporting facts and details from your research in each response. fork up the sources for your supporting research. Using support from your research materials, identify and explain any political, social, economic, or cultural issues that may shape the story. The Holocaust was going on during this book, and this was a time when many children were vulnerable, and the Nazis killed many young kids, but the chances of survival for Jewish and non-jewish teenagers(13-18) were greater because they could be deployed at forced labor. Source http//www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005142 http//www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007820http//www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007817Imagine what it would be like to live in this situation. Using supporting details from your research, discuss the greatest challenges people might face un der these circumstances. When just about people are asked about something in the past that somebody else went through, they say, I cant imagine.. And in this case, I really cant imagine how awful it would be to live in this situation. To be sent to a camp where you are stuffed on a train with hundreds of thousands of people, and you dont know what is going on. You are separated from your family, the only thing you know.You are put into a gas chamber along with millions of other kids who are alike young to work for the Germans, and elderly people who are too old to work. To make it easier on the Germans, they tell you and your family that is going to be used for forced labor that youre going to take a shower, and youll be back later. But, they never, ever, get to see you again. If you live in the ghetto, you are left without shelter and aliment because you are unproductive and, useless eaters. And finally, it all stopped when the Nazis surrendered, but it was too late for most, th ey already were gone, or had a important piece of them that was left in the camp chambers.Sources http//www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005142 http//www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007820http//www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007817Based on your research, describe how these circumstances would affect a persons identity development (crisis, commitment, diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, achievement). The private identities of people who were in the Nazi camps would be much, much more sophisticated than the average person now a days. In Nazi camps, the identity crisis of a lot of people was most likely, how do I stay alive? while peoples identity crisis in todays world might be something as olive-sized as, who is a good friend?. Kids and elderly people didnt have a commitment during this time period, because they didnt have the chance to decide what they cherished to do. The Nazis decided for them. People in the Nazi camps didnt have identity dif fusion because they couldnt make any decisions on their own, the Germans made them all for them.They didnt have identity foreclosure either, because they were not able to commit to anything at the camps because they were just ordered to do whatever the Germans wanted. I suppose that some people in the camps could have an identity moratorium, and it might be, Do I run away and risk organism killed? Or should I just stay and work until this is over?. The identity achievement of one in a Nazi camp might be, after(prenominal) struggling to decide he wanted to stay and work, or run away and have the chance of being killed, he decided to wait, and finally when the contend was over and the Nazis surrendered, he was set free.Sources http//www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005142 http//www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007820http//www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007817

Nature Of Managerial Work Business Essay

Nature Of Managerial Work Business EssayThe verb manage comes from the Italian maneggi ar to handle especially tools, which in turn derives from the Latin helping hand (hand). The French word mesnagement (later mnagement) influenced the development in meaning of the position word circumspection in the 17th and 18th centuries.1Some definitions of instruction areOrganization and coordination of the activities of an enterprise in accordance with certain policies and in achievement of clearly defined objectives. Management is often included as a cypher of production along with machines, materials and money. According to the focus guru Peter Drucker (1909-2005), the basic task of a instruction is twofold marketing and innovation.Directors and managers have the power and responsibility to sop up decisions to manage an enterprise when given the authority by the shareholders. As a discipline, guidance comprises the interlocking functions of formulating corporate constitution and o rganizing, planning, controlling, and directing the firms resources to achieve the policys objectives. The size of management can range from one person in a small firm to hundreds or thousands of managers in multinational companies. In large firms the board of directors formulates the policy which is implemented by the chief executive officer.edit Theoretical scopeAt inaugural, one views management functionally, much(prenominal) as measuring quantity, adjusting plans, meeting goals. This applies even in situations planning does not take place. From this perspective, Henri Fayol (1841-1925)2 considers management to live of six functions forecasting, planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling. He was one of the closely influential contri scarceors to modern concepts of management.Another way of thinking, bloody shame Parker Follett (1868-1933), defined management as the art of getting things done through people. She described management as philosophy.3Some peop le, however, bugger off this definition holdful but far too narrow. The phrase management is what managers do occurs widely, suggesting the difficulty of defining management, the shifting nature of definitions and the connection of managerial practices with the existence of a managerial cellphone or class.One habit of thought regards management as equivalent to business administration and thus excludes management in places outside commerce, as for causa in charities and in the public sector. More realistically, however, every organization must manage its work, people, processes, technology, etc. to maximize effectiveness. Nonetheless, umpteen people refer to university departments which t to each one management as business schools. Some institutions (such as the Harvard Business School) use that name while others (such as the Yale School of Management) employ the more inclusive term management.English speakers may withal use the term management or the management as a collectiv e word describing the managers of an organization, for example of a corporation. Historically this use of the term was often contrasted with the term Labor referring to those being managed.edit Nature of managerial workIn for-profit work, management has as its primary function the satisfaction of a range of stakeholders. This typically involves making a profit (for the shareholders), creating valued products at a reasonable cost (for customers) and providing rewarding employment opportunities (for employees). In nonprofit management, annex the importance of keeping the faith of donors. In most models of management/governance, shareholders vote for the board of directors, and the board then hires senior management. Some organizations have experimented with other methods (such as employee-voting models) of selecting or reviewing managers but this occurs only very rarely.In the public sector of countries constituted as representative democracies, voters elect politicians to public off ice. Such politicians hire many managers and administrators, and in some countries like the United States political appointees lose their jobs on the election of a new president/governor/mayor.edit Historical developmentDifficulties draw near in tracing the history of management. Some see it (by definition) as a late modern (in the sense of late modernity) conceptualization. On those terms it cannot have a pre-modern history, only harbingers (such as stewards). Others, however, detect management-like-thought back to Sumerian traders and to the builders of the pyramids of ancient Egypt. Slave-owners through the centuries faced the problems of exploiting/motivating a dependent but sometimes unenthusiastic or recalcitrant workforce, but many pre-industrial enterprises, given their small scale, did not feel compelled to face the issues of management systematically. However, innovations such as the spread of Arabic numerals (5th to 15th centuries) and the computer code of double-entry book-keeping (1494) provided tools for management assessment, planning and control.Given the scale of most commercial operations and the lack of mechanized record-keeping and recording before the industrial revolution, it made sense for most owners of enterprises in those times to carry out management functions by and for themselves. But with growing size and complexity of organizations, the split between owners (individuals, industrial dynasties or groups of shareholders) and day-to-day managers (independent specialists in planning and control) gradually became more common.edit Early writingWhile management has been present for millennia, several writers have created a background of works that assisted in modern management theories.4edit Sun Tzus The graphics of WarWritten by Chinese general Sun Tzu in the 6th century BC, The Art of War is a military strategy book that, for managerial purposes, recommends being aware of and acting on strengths and weaknesses of both a managers org anization and a foes.4edit Chanakyas ArthashastraChanakya wrote the Arthashastra somewhat 300BC in which heterogeneous strategies, techniques and management theories were written which gives an account on the management of empires, economy and family. The work is often compared to the later works of Machiavelli.edit Niccol Machiavellis The PrinceBelieving that people were motivated by self-interest, Niccol Machiavelli wrote The Prince in 1513 as advice for the city of Florence, Italy.5 Machiavelli recommended that leaders use fear-but not hatred-to maintain control.edit Adam Smiths The Wealth of NationsWritten in 1776 by Adam Smith, a Scottish moral philosopher, The Wealth of Nations aims for efficient organization of work through Specialization of labor.5 Smith described how changes in processes could boost productivity in the bring to pass of pins. While individuals could produce 200 pins per day, Smith analyzed the steps involved in manufacture and, with 10 specialists, enabl ed production of 48,000 pins per day.5edit 19th centuryClassical economists such as Adam Smith (1723-1790) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) provided a theoretical background to resource-allocation, production, and pricing issues. About the same time, innovators like Eli Whitney (1765-1825), James Watt (1736-1819), and Matthew Boulton (1728-1809) develop elements of technical production such as standardization, quality-control procedures, cost-accounting, interchangeability of parts, and work-planning. Many of these aspects of management existed in the pre-1861 slave-based sector of the US economy. That environment saw 4 million people, as the contemporary usages had it, managed in profitable quasi-mass production.edit 20th centuryBy about 1900 one finds managers trying to place their theories on what they regarded as a thoroughly scientific basis (see scientism for perceived limitations of this belief). Examples include Henry R. Townes Science of management in the 1890s, Frederick Winslow Taylors The Principles of Scientific Management (1911), Frank and Lillian Gilbreths Applied motion study (1917), and Henry L. Gantts charts (1910s). J. Duncan wrote the first college management textbook in 1911. In 1912 Yoichi Ueno introduced Taylorism to Japan and became first management consultant of the Japanese-management style. His son Ichiro Ueno pioneered Japanese quality assurance.The first comprehensive theories of management appeared nigh 1920. The Harvard Business School offered the first Master of Business Administration degree (MBA) in 1921. People like Henri Fayol (1841-1925) and Alexander Church described the various branches of management and their inter-relationships. In the early 20th century, people like Ordway Tead (1891-1973), Walter Scott and J. Mooney applied the principles of psychology to management, while other writers, such as Elton Mayo (1880-1949), Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933), Chester Barnard (1886-1961), Max weber (1864-1920), Rensis Likert (1903-1981), and Chris Argyris (1923 ) sexual climaxed the phenomenon of management from a sociological perspective.Peter Drucker (1909-2005) wrote one of the earliest books on applied management Concept of the Corporation (published in 1946). It resulted from Alfred Sloan (chairman of General Motors until 1956) commissioning a study of the organisation. Drucker went on to write 39 books, many in the same vein.H. Dodge, Ronald Fisher (1890-1962), and Thornton C. Fry introduced statistical techniques into management-studies. In the 1940s, Patrick Blackett combined these statistical theories with microeconomic guess and gave birth to the science of operations research. Operations research, sometimes known as management science (but distinct from Taylors scientific management), attempts to take a scientific approach to solving management problems, particularly in the areas of logistics and operations.Some of the more recentupdate developments include the Theory of Constraints, mana gement by objectives, reengineering, Six Sigma and various information-technology-driven theories such as bustling software development, as well as group management theories such as Cogs Ladder.As the general recognition of managers as a class solidify during the 20th century and gave perceived practitioners of the art/science of management a certain amount of prestige, so the way opened for popularised systems of management ideas to peddle their wares. In this context many management fads may have had more to do with pop psychology than with scientific theories of management.Towards the end of the 20th century, business management came to consist of six separate branches, namelyHuman resource managementOperations management or production managementStrategic managementMarketing managementFinancial managementInformation technology management responsible for management information systemsedit 21st centuryIn the 21st century observers find it more and more difficult to subdivide man agement into functional categories in this way. More and more processes simultaneously involve several categories. Instead, one tends to think in terms of the various processes, tasks, and objects subject to management.Branches of management theory also exist relating to nonprofits and to government such as public administration, public management, and educational management. Further, management programs related to civil-society organizations have also spawned programs in nonprofit management and social entrepreneurship.Note that many of the assumptions made by management have come under attack from business ethics viewpoints, critical management studies, and anti-corporate activism.As one consequence, workplace democracy has become both more common, and more advocated, in some places distributing all management functions among the workers, each of whom takes on a portion of the work. However, these models predate any current political issue, and may occur more naturally than does a command hierarchy. All management to some degree embraces democratic principles in that in the long term workers must give majority support to management otherwise they leave to find other work, or go on strike. Despite the move toward workplace democracy, command-and-control organization structures remain commonplace and the de facto organization structure. Indeed, the entrenched nature of command-and-control can be seen in the way that recent layoffs have been conducted with management ranks affected far less than employees at the lower levels. In some cases, management has even rewarded itself with bonuses afterwards laying off level workers.6According to leading leadership academic Manfred F.R. Kets de Vries, its almost inevitable these days that there will be some character disorders in a senior management team.7

The Importance of Internal Communication

The Importance of indispensable CommunicationCommunication is often delimitate as an ex stir of teaching. Ex diverge involves at least one sender and one receiver so true parley thus infers a twain way process a dialogue, not a monologue. Information faecal matter involve text, voice, pictures and in fact any data which the human body can pick up through its five senses including emotion. Internal communications can be defined as the direct two way communications betwixt employers and their round. Effective internal communication which can be said to be d protestward, upward and horizontal, is a vital means of addressing organisational concerns. Effective internal communication has been sh own to help improve employee engagement through increased job satisfaction, safety and decreased absenteeism, grievances and staff turnover. Such improvements are linked to improved productivity and boilersuit profitability. Effective internal communications is tot eithery ab show up en abling us to do our jobs to the best of our ability and ensuring that all of us are working together towards the same organisational goals. This can mean anything from encouraging you to talk to and exchange ideas with people from other de sortments to explaining the direction that we are heading in as set out by the Universitys decision-making bodies. We intent a series of communications channels and tools to keep you informed and give us the chance to listen to your opinions. (prof. A.P Krishnan)Why is internal communication so important?Because clear, concise, and consistent communications educate employees, enabling them to appreciate the value of their organisations vision, programs or projects and is a significant divisor in engaging the employees holding them focused, productive and committed. The contri andion that clear and strong channels of communication can check to an organisation is substantial, not least in enlisting employees support for commerce objectives, a ligning everyones activities and providing some motivation to raise performance levels. Where appropriate mechanisms are in place, employees are also more likely to engage with the organisational values and objectives fling feedback and coming forward with ideas. Internal communication is more than the art and technique of effectively imparting thoughts, information, and ideas to large numbers of people. It has become the single, most important element that enables an organisation to share their vision and galvanise their work force to action that moves the organisation forward.( Lyn Smith,)Impact of Communication in organisational change short communication during a time of organizational change can turn a difficult situation into a crisis. In spite of this age of high technology, few organizations lead channels of communication that are adequate to the demands of change. People say, But you never told me and you begin to realise how ineffective thousands of emails, memos, website s can be Maybe a team up meeting or a two-minute face-to-face conversation would keep back been discover This sort of educate leave let you learn when one style is better than another Develop a written communication plan to ensure that all of the following occur within your change management process. Communicate consistently, frequently, and through multiple channels, including speaking, writing, video, training, focus groups, bulletin boards, Intranets, and more about the change. Communicate all that is known about the changes, as quickly as the information is available. (Make clear that your curve is toward instant communication, so some of the stages may change at a later date. Tell people that your other choice is to hold all communication until you are positive about the decisions. This is disastrous in effective change management. Provide significant amounts of time for people to ask questions, request clarification, and deliver the goods input. If you have been part o f a scenario in which a leader presented changes, on overhead transparencies, to a large group, and then fled, you know what bad news this is for change integration.( Pamela Mounter) Clearly give out the vision, the mission, and the objectives of the change management effort. Help people to understand how these changes will affect them personally. (If you dont help with this process, people will make up their own stories, usually more negative than the truth.) Recognize that true communication is a conversation. It is two-way and real discussion must result. It cannot be just a presentation. The change leaders or sponsors need to spend time conversing one-on-one or in small groups with the people who are expected to make the changes. Communicate the reasons for the changes in such a way that people understand the context, the purpose, and the need. Practitioners have called this building a memorable, conceptual framework, and creating a theoretical framework to underpin the change. Provide answers to questions lone(prenominal) if you know the answer. Leaders destroy their credibility when they provide incorrect information or appear to stumble or back-peddle, when providing an answer. It is much better to say you dont know, and that you will try to find out. Tony Greener Leaders need to listen. Avoid defensiveness, excuse-making, and answers that are given too quickly. Act with thoughtfulness.Overcoming barriers in communicationWhen you send a message, you intend to communicate meaning, but the message itself doesnt contain meaning. The meaning exists in your mind and in the mind of your receiver. To understand one another, you and your receiver must share similar meanings for words, gestures, odor of voice, and other symbols.1. Differences in eruditionThe world constantly bombards us with information sights, sounds, scents, and so on. Our minds organize this stream of sensation into a mental map that represents our perception or reality. In no case is the perception of a certain person the same as the world itself, and no two maps are identical. As you view the world, your mind absorbs your experiences in a unique and personal way. Because your perceptions are unique, the ideas you want to express differ from other peoples Even when two people have experienced the same event, their mental images of that event will not be identical. As senders, we choose the details that seem important and focus our attention on the most relevant and general, a process known as selective perception. As receivers, we try to fit new details into our existing pattern. If a detail doesnt quite fit, we are inclined to distort the information rather than rearrange the pattern. (Peter J. Holzer)2. Incorrect filteringFiltering is screening out before a message is passed on to someone else. In business, the filters between you and your receiver are many secretaries, assistants, receptionists, answering machines, etc. Those same gatekeepers may also translate your receivers ideas and responses before passing them on to you. To get the better of filtering barriers, try to establish more than one communication channel, eliminate as many intermediaries as possible, and decrease distortion by condensing message information to the bare essentials.3. Language problemsWhen you choose the words for your message, you signal that you are a member of a particular culture or subculture and that you know the work out. The nature of your code imposes its own barriers on your message. Barriers also exist because words can be interpreted in more than one way. Language is an arbitrary code that depends on shared definitions, but on that points a limit to how completely any of us share the same meaning for a given word. To overcome spoken language barriers, use the most specific and accurate words possible. Always try to use words your audience will understand. Increase the accuracy of your messages by using language that describes rather than evalua tes and by presenting observable facts, events, and circumstances.4. Poor listeningPerhaps the most common barrier to reception is simply a lack of attention on the receivers part. We all let our minds wander now and then, regardless of how hard we try to concentrate. People are essentially likely to drift off when they are laboured to listen to information that is difficult to understand or that has little direct bearing on their own lives. Too few of us simply do not listen well To overcome barriers, paraphrase what you have understood, try to view the situation through the eyes of other speakers and resist jumping to conclusions. brighten meaning by asking non-threatening questions, and listen without interrupting.5. Differing emotional statesEvery message contains both a content meaning, which deals with the subject of the message, and a relationship meaning, which suggests the nature of the fundamental interaction between sender and receiver. Communication can break down when the receiver reacts negatively to either of these meanings. You may have to deal with people when they are apprehensive or when you are. An upset person tends to ignore or distort what the other person is saying and is often unable to present feelings and ideas effectively. This is not to say that you should invalidate all communication when you are emotionally involved, but you should be alert to the greater potential for misunderstanding that accompanies aroused emotions. To overcome emotional barriers, be sure of the feelings that arise in your self and in others as you communicate, and attempt to control them. Most important, be alert to the greater potential for misunderstanding that accompanies emotional messages.6. Differing backgroundsDifferences in background can be one of the hardest communication barriers to overcome. Age, education, gender, social status, economic condition, cultural background, temperament, health, beauty, popularity, religion, political belief, eve n a passing mood can all separate one person from another and make understanding difficult. To overcome the barriers associated with differing backgrounds, avoid projecting your own background or culture onto others. Clarify your own and understand the background of others, spheres of knowledge, personalities and perceptions and dont assume that certain behaviors mean the same thing to everyone. (Dana Bonbrisco Dodzik)Recommendations for managers for improving communicationResearch indicates that managers spend somewhere between 50% 80% of their total time communicating in one way or the other. This isnt surprising, since communication is so critical to everything that goes on in an organization. Without effective communication there can be little or no performance management, innovation, understanding of clients, coordination of effort, AND, without effective communication it is difficult to manage the expectations of those who are in a position to make decisions about your fate. (Eileen Scholes) It can also be said that many managers do not communicate well, and do not set an organizational mood where communication within the organization is managed effectively. This isnt surprising, since a manager who communicates ineffectively and does not encourage effective organizational communication is unlikely to hear about it. Poor communication is self-sustaining, because it eliminates an important feedback loop. Staff are loathe to communicate their concerns about communication because they do not perceive the manager as receptive. Both staff and management play out a little dance. In short, you may be lift poor communication, and never know it. You may see the symptoms, but unless you are looking carefully, you may not identify your own involvement in the problem. What can you do about it? Effective organizational communication, regardless of form, requires terce things. First, all players must have the appropriate skills and understanding to communicate well . Communication is not a simple process, and many people simply do not have the required depth of understanding of communication issues. (Marisa Desoiza) Second, effective organizational communication requires a mode or culture that supports effective communication. More specifically, this climate involves trust, openness, reinforcement of good communication practices, and shared responsibility for making communication effective. Third, effective communication requires attention. It doesnt just happen, but develops as a result of an knowledgeable effort on the part of management and staff. Too often, communication, whether it is good or bad, is taken for granted. We can define your role in improving communication with comply to each of these. First, if you want to improve communication, you will need to ensure that you and staff have the skills and knowledge necessary to communicate effectively. This may mean formal training is in order, or it may mean that you coach staff and pr ovide feedback so that they can improve. Second, you play a critical role in fostering and nurturing a climate that is characterized by open communication. Without this climate, all the skills in the world will be wasted. Finally, you must bring communication to the forefront of organization attention. If you make the effort to improve communication, your staff will recognize that it is important. If you ignore it, so will staff.ConclusionIt is very clear that internal communication is an integral part of management of an organisation. The effectiveness of management depends upon the efficient internal communication system. The communication operates as the nerve system of group activity.ReferencesProf. KP Krishnan-business communication Lyn Smith, Pamela Mounter-Business Economics- Tony Greener- Internal communication a practical guide to effective employee communication Eileen Scholes-handbook of internal communication Bonnie Ellison, National School Public Relations Association -Communication in education Marisa Desoiza Internal communication its influence on the staff and the organization Dana Bonbrisco Dodzik -Communication in organizations Peter J. Holzer-Improving internal communications to creating a building a learning organization http//www.idea.gov.uk/idk/ affection/page.do?pageId=7816302 http//www.opcuk.com/downloads/defining_internal_communications.pdf www.sheffield.ac.uk//Internal_Communication_Audit_FindingsEXECSUMMARY.docBibiliographyhttp//www.communicology.org/content/definition-communicology http//books.google.co.uk/books?q=internal+communicationlr=sa=Nstart=10 http//managementhelp.org/mrktng/org_cmm.htm http//books.google.co.uk/books?id=IC48OAAACAAJdq=internal+communications+in+an+organisationlr=cd=20 Prof. KP Krishnan-business communication Lyn Smith,Pamela Mounter-Business Economics- Tony Greener- Internal communication a practical guide to effective employee communication Eileen Scholes-handbook of internal communication Bonnie Ellison, National School Public Relations Association -Communication in education Marisa Desoiza Internal communication its influence on the staff and the organization Dana Bonbrisco Dodzik -Communication in organizations Peter J. Holzer-Improving internal communications to creating a building a learning organization http//www.idea.gov.uk/idk/core/page.do?pageId=7816302 http//www.opcuk.com/downloads/defining_internal_communications.pdf www.sheffield.ac.uk//Internal_Communication_Audit_FindingsEXECSUMMARY.doc

The Great Gatsby †Chapter 7 Summary :: Essays Papers

The Great Gatsby Chapter 7 SummaryChapter 7 was another important chapter in this book, it started off with Gatsby deciding to bring forward off his parties, which he had held primarily to lure Daisy. He has also fired his servants to prevent gossip, and replaced them with connections of Meyer Wolfsheim.On the hottest day of the summer, Nick drives to East Egg for lunch at Tom and Daisys house. When the nurse brings in Tom and Daisys baby girl, Gatsby is stunned. During the awkward afternoon, Gatsby and Daisy cannot hide their love for one another, and Tom finally notices their situation. After finally realizing the situation, Tom agrees with Daisys proposition that they should all go to New York together. Nick rides with Jordan and Tom in Gatsbys car Gatsby and Daisy ride together in Toms car. Stopping for gas at Wilsons garage, Nick, Tom, and Jordan learn that Wilson has find his wifes affair and plans to move her to the West. Nick perceives that Tom and Wilson are in the same position. Tom begins his confrontation with Gatsby by mocking his habit and the fact that he claimed he went to Oxford. Tom asks Gatsby about his intentions with Daisy, and Gatsby replies that Daisy loves him, not Tom. Tom claims that he and Daisy have a history that Gatsby could not possibly understand. He then accuses Gatsby of running a bootleg operation. Daisy, who began the afternoon in love with Gatsby, feels herself moving closer and closer to Tom as she watches the confrontation. Tom realizes he has won, and sends Daisy back to Long Island with Gatsby to prove Gatsbys inability to shock him. As the confrontation ends, Nick realizes that today is his thirtieth birthday. Back at Toms house, Nick waits outside, and finds Gatsby hiding in the bushes.

Descartes and the Existence of Physical Objects Essay -- Descartes

Descartes and the Existence of Physical ObjectsIn his sixth meditation Descartes must return to the doubts he raised in his first one. Here he deals mainly with the mind-body problem and tries to prove whether material things exist with certainty. In this meditation he develops his dualist argument by making a distinction between mind and body although he also reveals that the are significantly related. He considers existence of the external world and whether its perception holds any noesis of this world. He also questions whether this knowledge is real or is merely an illusion. He makes it quite clear how misleading and deceiving some external sensations can be. In the starting line of this last meditation he attempts to prove the existence of external object. One way of achieving this is by recognizing the distinct ideas he had of external objects are thoroughly imprinted in his memory, he realizes that the concept of these ideas could not have originated from his mind. Therefo re holding the clear knowledge of these objects was a projection of other objects. He realized he...