Book Review of Jody Azzounis Tracking Reason Essay -- Azzouni

Jody Azzouni, Tracking ReasonIn many ways, Tracking Reason resembles Jody Azzounis previous book,Deflating Existential Consequence. The subject effect of each lies at the interfaceof metaphysics, system of logic, philosophy of mathematics, and philosophy oflanguage. The style is both entertaining and clear. The positions argued for ar so controversial as to sound almost insane. And save the arguments providedare illuminating, and manage to make the positions seem almost like commonsense. Both books are worth recital both for specialists and those interestedin a clarifying (if idiosyncratic) take on these issues.In the previous book, Azzouni argued for a type of fictionalism about mathematics.But rather than following Hartry Field in denying the indispensabilityof mathematics, he simply argues that the indispensability of a form of discourse(and even the truth of existentially quantified sentences) is not a sign of ontologicalcommitment. This position helps motivate some of the pos itions in thecurrent book, but I think it isnt necessary.Tracking Reason advances several separate, but related positions in its tripleparts. However, for some reason the caption has them in the wrong order -Part I argues for a special deflationary account of truth (and deals at lengthwith the semantics and regimentation of natural language) Part II argues thatthe role of mathematical proof is to indicate a derivation in some mechanicaldeduction system and Part III argues that these two positions are (despiteappearances) compatible with a non-syntactic view of consequence as a type oftruth-preservation. Parts I and II are relatively independent, and I think moveprofitably be say on their own. Part III depends mo... ...f semantics (topological and Kripke) that are sound andcomplete for S4 modal logic. The fact that we only know of one semanticsfor propositional logic has misled us into thinking that its models are moresignificant than they really are.As I mentioned earlier, this book is modular enough that it may be worth indication parts of this book independently of the whole thing. Although Azzounisays that much of the material of the nine chapters of this book derives from ten3papers (cited in the introduction to each of the three parts), they seem to havebeen edited and unified enough that a reader interested in just one topic mayprefer to read the relevant Part (I or II) of this book rather than the separatepapers that it is based on. But for anyone interested in the relationships betweentruth, proof, and consequence, I recommend reading the entire thing.

The Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders: A Preliminary Investigation Essa

The Neurobiology of Anxiety sicknesss A approach Investigation When I first began my research for this paper, I was principally interested in learning more about the role of serotonin in the manipulation of worry disorders. While I did discover that serotonin is important, peculiarly when it comes to understanding the latest drugs being prescribed by doctors to combat solicitude symptoms, I alike learned that researchers are pursuing a quash of other(a) leads in investigating the neurobiology of fretting disorders. There has been evidence suggesting that a particular gene, or genes, may be associated with the development of anxiety disorders (1). In addition, the circuitry of the amygdala, an area of the mavin that regulates fear responses, is now being studied (2). First, I will briefly summarize my findings regarding serotonin, and thusly I will offer my own personal reaction. I will focus my response around Social Anxiety Disorder, one of a number of anxiety disorder s that are diagnosed and treated today. Anxiety disorders are the closely prevalent mental illnesses in America, affecting approximately 19 million adults (3). Although everyone experiences mild symptoms of anxiety at some point in their lives, those who suffer from an anxiety disorder have chronic and intense bouts of panic. They may fear or dread common social situations such as being out in public with a group of friends (4), or experience full-blown panic attacks (5) that make it unacceptable to go grocery shopping or to get to lead in the morning. If untreated, anxiety disorders can severely impact the quality of ones life, and symptoms may grow flush worse over time. There are several types of anxiety disorders, including timidity Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disor... ...c internet resource http//www.algy.com/anxiety/files/barlow.html6)Serotonin, from Department of Psychology, California State University http//www.csuchico.edu/psy/BioPsych/serotonin.html7)The Physiolo gy of Panic Disorder, Part II, from Panic/Anxiety Disorders on about.com http//panicdisorder.about.com/wellness/panicdisorder/library/weekly/aa043097.htm8)Drug May Help in Rx, Education of Panic Disorder, from The Medical Post, January 29, 1996, found on Internet Mental health http//www.mentalhealth.com/mag1/p5m-pan1.html9)Paxil, from SmithKline Beecham http//www.paxil.com/Other Resources 1)The Neurobiology of Childhood Emotion Anxiety, from The American Psychoanalyst, Vol. 32, No. 2 http//www.apsa.org/tap/anxiety.htm2)The Neurobiology of Depression, from Scientific American, June 1998 http//www.sciam.com/missing.cfm The Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders A Preliminary Investigation EssaThe Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders A Preliminary Investigation When I first began my research for this paper, I was primarily interested in learning more about the role of serotonin in the treatment of anxiety disorders. While I did discover that serotonin is important, especially w hen it comes to understanding the latest drugs being prescribed by doctors to combat anxiety symptoms, I also learned that researchers are pursuing a number of other leads in investigating the neurobiology of anxiety disorders. There has been evidence suggesting that a particular gene, or genes, may be associated with the development of anxiety disorders (1). In addition, the circuitry of the amygdala, an area of the brain that regulates fear responses, is now being studied (2). First, I will briefly summarize my findings regarding serotonin, and then I will offer my own personal reaction. I will focus my response around Social Anxiety Disorder, one of a number of anxiety disorders that are diagnosed and treated today. Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illnesses in America, affecting approximately 19 million adults (3). Although everyone experiences mild symptoms of anxiety at some point in their lives, those who suffer from an anxiety disorder have chronic and intense bo uts of panic. They may fear or dread common social situations such as being out in public with a group of friends (4), or experience full-blown panic attacks (5) that make it impossible to go grocery shopping or to get to work in the morning. If untreated, anxiety disorders can severely impact the quality of ones life, and symptoms may grow even worse over time. There are several types of anxiety disorders, including Panic Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disor... ...c internet resource http//www.algy.com/anxiety/files/barlow.html6)Serotonin, from Department of Psychology, California State University http//www.csuchico.edu/psy/BioPsych/serotonin.html7)The Physiology of Panic Disorder, Part II, from Panic/Anxiety Disorders on about.com http//panicdisorder.about.com/health/panicdisorder/library/weekly/aa043097.htm8)Drug May Help in Rx, Education of Panic Disorder, from The Medical Post, January 29, 1996, found on Internet Mental Health http//www.mentalhealth.com/mag1/p5m-pan1.html9)Pax il, from SmithKline Beecham http//www.paxil.com/Other Resources 1)The Neurobiology of Childhood Emotion Anxiety, from The American Psychoanalyst, Vol. 32, No. 2 http//www.apsa.org/tap/anxiety.htm2)The Neurobiology of Depression, from Scientific American, June 1998 http//www.sciam.com/missing.cfm

Kafkas The Trial :: Kafka Trial Essays

Kafkas The Trial   Kafkas The Trial follows a man, K., as he is arrested and released for an unknown offense and attends a series of bizarre trials. He tries to comprehend and extricate himself from an dire course of events, which transpire suddenly in his life. K. is persecuted by this unimaginable court, which seems to hold a quasi-authoritative place in society. K.s life seems to spiral out of control epoch he and the reader struggle to understand what is going on. Kafka uses this piece to criticize bureaucracy, even in a seemingly democratic society. Kafka believes that bureaucracy is endangering the freedoms of the individual in modern society and that it is extremely detrimental to society in the long run. It is not readily identifiable what geographical location Kafka is referring to in The Trial. Based on the rest of the novels bizarre twists and turns it seems that Kafka did not want to nail down any concrete location to weight down his surrealist story. While there is no marry with any known location (other than perhaps Kafkas hometown of Prague) the surroundings ar modern and urban. In The Trial, K spends most of his time in various buildings with very particular mention of any identifying characteristics. Kafka seems to center around middle class urbanites for the most part. Kafka tackles the evils of government and bureaucracy, concentrating on the social implications of these man made authorities on the individual.   hypostatisation seems to serve a pervasive role in Kafkas The Trial. Reification is when something abstract is given material worth by a society It seems that Kafka is questioning how the jural system has been given so much authority and power making it a material entity. In 1912, when Kafka penned The Trial, the mug up of the republic was evident around Europe. in that respect was a renewed emphasis on realism and rationale, which also makes an appearance in The Trial. When published, Kafk as novels evoked the hopelessness of individuals confronting a relentless, machinelike society in which they are minor cogs. As the threat of war swirled in Europe (World War I was just on the horizon), anti Semitism and nationalism surrounded Kafka. In the arts, the rise of modernity created a challenge to positivism that could not be silenced.

Eddie Carbone in A View From the Bridge by Arthur Miller Essay

Eddie Carbone in A View From the Bridge by Arthur Miller The cheer A view from the bridge is set in Red hook area of New York, the play was written by a man called Arthur Miller he wrote this particular play in 1950 at the age of 35. His parents were immigrants in the United States of America, they had lived a wealthy life this all went wrong along with the American economy. Arthur Miller worked as a warehouse man, and in order to save his fees he went to Michigan University in 1934, to study economics and history. He did a course in playwriting and this became his ambition, he graduated from Michigan University in 1938. Eddie Carbone is the main character in the play, at the start of the play he is a very popular hardworking man then towards the end of the play he becomes a very angry distressed and jealous, and eventually loses his life by getting stabbed by his own knife. Eddie is mainly responsible for his own wrecking because he didnt want Cather ine (his niece) to get married to her lover, Rodolfo. Rodolfo and Marco (his brother) are staying with the Carbones as illegal immigrants. Eddie becomes angry because he believes that Rodolfo is taking Catherine away from him this leads him to betray his family by reportage them to the immigration bureau. I think that A view from the bridge is a tragedy because of eddies extreme downfall, he dies because of one mistake. Throughout the play Eddie is jealous of Catherine because she is non his little girl anymore she is turning into a woman. Eddie is an Italian longshore man working on the New York docks. When eddies wifes cousins, Marco and Rodolfo seek refuge, as i... ...to prevent. I think Eddie is mainly responsible for his own downfall but Catherine could have played some part in causing it because of her getting together with Rodolfo. Eddie neer liked Rodolfo from when he first met him he always thought he was weird. Rodolfo also may be respo nsible for eddies downfall because he never asked eddies leave to get together with her. Marco is Beatrices cousin and after Marco and Rodolfo have been in jail they get bailed out and Marco goes after Eddie. Eddie is alone at this stage Marco hits Eddie lunges at Marco with a knife that is meant to kill him. Beatrice tells Eddie to stop but Eddie ignores her like he does throughout the whole play. Then as the knife is in eddies hand it is grabbed by Marco turned and drove into eddies body, within two minutes Eddie carbone is dead.

Sonjas Embrace :: essays research papers

Naked. My reflection mocks me. The morning sun smiles on me, kisses me, holds me. As I begin to appreciate its soothing warmth, it slips away to be replaced with the unforgiving chill of the cold winter morning. Such is life, and such is my love for you. How I dream of your smile, your kiss, your embrace But these be only dreams, swiftly replaced with reality. The numbing chill of reality is that I will never be good enough for you. And so I will storage area forever, longing for Sonjas embrace.Jaded. My eyeball chase their reflection. They become lost inwardly each other, and I wander down the endless tunnel of my eyes. there is dim at the end of this tunnel perhaps, but I will never reach it. The ground and the sky are gray, but the walls are painted with pictures of you. There is no sun in the dark world of my eyes, but the paintings of you give it warmth. I can see you now, but I can walk no further. I beg for you, but you turn away.Helpless. I have stepped outside of my mind and into reality it slaps me across the face. Alone in a room modify with people I watch you, I hear you. Like a goddess bathing in a river of silk, you look in my direction - but our eyes do not connect - yours go by me, identifying me as the desperate filth that I am. You pass me in the corridor, I breathe deeply, tasting your beatific smell. All of the flowers in the world could not be so satisfying. Like the song of a thousand birds on a spring morning, your voice awakens something within me, but this pleasure I intake only for the short moment you pass. Your beauty is such that I would wish to be blind if I could not see you, and your song such that I could breathe it instead of air. You leave, and I have had my fix for now.Pathetic. You consume all of my thoughts I am infatuated with you. I en shape conversations with you, asking you out for dinner, pretending to be interesting, witty, charming, amusing. I have spent so many days and nights thinking of you, the time h as come to act upon these feelings. You are sitting at your table in the crowded room as I approach you.

Sonjas Embrace :: essays research papers

Naked. My reflection mocks me. The morning sun smiles on me, kisses me, holds me. As I begin to appreciate its soothing warmth, it slips away to be replaced with the unforgiving chill of the cold winter morning. Such is life, and such is my love for you. How I dream of your smile, your kiss, your embrace But these atomic number 18 moreover dreams, swiftly replaced with reality. The numbing chill of reality is that I will never be good enough for you. And so I will wait forever, lust for Sonjas embrace.Jaded. My eyes chase their reflection. They become lost within each other, and I wander down the endless tunnel of my eyes. There is light at the end of this tunnel perhaps, simply I will never reach it. The ground and the sky are gray, but the walls are painted with pictures of you. There is no sun in the dark world of my eyes, but the paintings of you give it warmth. I can calculate you now, but I can walk no further. I beg for you, but you turn away.Helpless. I have stepped o utside of my mind and into reality it slaps me across the face. Alone in a room filled with nation I watch you, I hear you. Like a goddess bathing in a river of silk, you look in my direction - but our eyes do not connect - yours go by me, identifying me as the desperate filth that I am. You pass me in the corridor, I breathe deeply, tasting your sweet smell. all in all of the flowers in the world could not be so satisfying. Like the song of a thousand birds on a spring morning, your voice awakens something within me, but this pleasure I intake only for the short moment you pass. Your beauty is such that I would wish to be blind if I could not see you, and your song such that I could breathe it instead of air. You leave, and I have had my fix for now.Pathetic. You consume all of my thoughts I am infatuated with you. I enact conversations with you, asking you out for dinner, pretending to be interesting, witty, charming, amusing. I have spent so many days and nights thinking of y ou, the time has come to act upon these feelings. You are sitting at your table in the crowded room as I approach you.

A Gap of Sky by Anna Hope Essay

A Gap of Sky is a short story by Anna Hope which deals with the pressure from nine and the consequences of it. In our modern society many young people feel the pressure to be perfect like a heavy weight on their shoulders. You need a long, smashing education. You need to be attractive, be social and have lots of friends. Sometimes the pressure can become too much and you forget what is important in life and gets on the wrong track. In A Gap of Sky we meet Ellie a nineteen year old girl clearly attempt with the pressure from society and her own dreams. She seems in conflict with herself about what she really wants. She studies at a university in London but is close to getting expelled delinquent to her lack of activity and finished assignments and when she wakes up after a long night of partying, she remembers that she has an assignment about Virginia Woolf and if she does not hand it in, she will very seeming be expelled.The short story is written chronological and by an omnisci ent third person narrator but A GAP of Sky as well uses the stream of consciousness. We are inside the head of Ellie and are constantly hearing her inner thoughts. For example on page 2 clientele, 36 Should she do the try on first, print it in the morning? No. No time. Needs to be handed in at nine. We are inside the head of Ellie and hearing her steam of thought. It easily feels like Ellie are the narrator also because of the language used. There is a lot of swearing How the fuck did she manages to sleep for so long (page 1, line 16), coffee plunged, poured, slurped hot, fuck thats hot (page 1, line 35).The narrator is not just telling what is happening but how Ellie perceives it. Ellie are having troubles in her life. She is doing drugs, having a straining time performing well in school, and that she does not have a profound social relationship. And it seems she has a difficult relationship with her parents. I will later on discuss her relationship with her parents further. In text 4 Consequences of youth substance abuse It mentions that people who frequently use addictive substances often experience problems much(prenominal) as academic difficulties, health problems and low social life. This is all things that Ellie are affected by.

Poetry Response to Wallflowers by Donna Vorreyer Essay

This poem makes me recover of my favorite book called The Perks Of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky. It is the story of a boy named Charlie and his not-so-average life. The story is written as letters to someone he has never met, but heard was a good shoulder to lean on. This book is my favorite because I can in truth relate to Charlie. Speaking of Charlie, that is my pups name. He is a chihuahua and dachshund mix. He is my best friend and is al elbow rooms at my side. He is probably the coolest puppy ever, except at three in the morning when he is sitting outside my door whining, then he can be someone elses best friend. This poem is probably one of my new favorites because it actually made me feel something and that is really important to me when reading.I really enjoy how the poet talks rough delivery people never use because I have an extensive vocabulary, but rarely use any of the words I know because to the highest degree people I know would not understand me at all. The reason I am so educated in words reminds me of my grandmother, who is one of the virtually intelligent people I know. When I was about six or seven, she would say words to me that no Kindergartner knows and I was expected to spell them. Most of the time, I was pretty close and when I got it right, she would tell me what the words meant. At that age, I was more interested in the taste of my boogers than in learning boring words I never thought would matter. Looking back, I cannot thank her enough for that small effort to help me in life.I am sure without her, I would be using words the like aint and phrases such as dont got no instead of knowing how to speak like a civilized human being. my grandma is awesome, and as soon as Meya (my daughter) starts school, I plan to use this same technique on her to ensure she grows up to make something of herself. Might as well end this with things about Meya. She is the most beautiful child, and she is so intelligent, it is almost scary at times. She sings and dances and amazes me in every way daily. She is the greatest gift I have ever received and I love her with every fiber of my being. To finally wrap this up, the poem Wallflowers by Donna Vorreyer makes me think up some of my fondest memories and reminds me of the wonderful things I have.

Results and Conclusion of the Research Process Essay

Applying the Results and Conclusion of the Research Process in Health Cargon In what manner are the info collection procedures take over for this study? The data collection method that was used for this study was surveys and interview that was conducted with a pregnant or a parenting teen who was either pregnant or who gave birth to babies within two years prior to the dates of interviews. The individual interview method with the students was the primary method for roll up qualitative data. The data collection procedures were appropriate because the data information passive join join is the to be verb (be, is, was, were, or been) plus a participle. subprogram active or else of resistless voice to rile make-up more than vibrant and concise. spry voice = Bill correct the piece on succession. Passive voice = The paper was completed on time by Bill. (Refer to dynamical and Passive translator from the Grammar and pen Guides in the Tutorials & Guides section of the Cen ter for Writing honor for more information.) from direct interaction with individuals that was one to one basis or face to face.Although the interview methods were time-consuming, the information was more affluent and provided deeper insight. Data preparation involves checking or logging the data in checking the data for accuracy entering the data into the computer transforming the data, and developing and documenting a database structure that integrates the various measures In what way were appropriate steps taken to cheer the rights of subjects? Potential research questions keister give informed consent only if they have all the information about the study they need to decide whether to participate. sensible consent respects individuallys right to make choices. Only after consent was obtained Passive voice is the to be verb (be, is, was, were, or been) plus a participle. Use active instead of passive voice to make writing more vibrant and concise. Active voice = Bill complet ed the paper on time. Passive voice = The paper was completed on time by Bill. (Refer to Active and Passive Voice from theGrammar and Writing Guides in the Tutorials & Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence for more information.) , an interview was conducted.The survey was conducted Passive voice is the to be verb (be, is, was, were, or been) plus a participle. Use active instead of passive voice to make writing more vibrant and concise. Active voice = Bill completed the paper on time. Passive voice = The paper was completed on time by Bill. (Refer to Active and Passive Voice from the Grammar and Writing Guides in the Tutorials & Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence for more information.) with the full cooperation of the Laurence Paquin instill authority and the Baltimore Public School System. All subjects participated and completed the interviews on a voluntary basis. An incentive of $15 was provided Passive voice is the to be verb (be, is, was, were, o r been) plus a participle. Use active instead of passive voice to make writing more vibrant and concise. Active voice = Bill completed the paper on time. Passive voice = The paper was completed on time by Bill. (Refer to Active and Passive Voice from the Grammar and Writing Guides in the Tutorials & Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence for more information.) to each subject for participation in the survey In what way is the data collection tool used to support the reliability and validity of the study?The data for the present study came from a survey of a sample of African American girls pregnant and/or parenting teens during the period 2000 and 2001 from the substitute(a) school, and a sample of equal pregnant/or parenting teens who became pregnant go attending regular normal schools within Baltimore Public School System, but did not attend any alternative comprehensive school for pregnant teens A sentence as long as this (more than 50 words) can be confusing bec ause the main idea is covered with additive information or because of changes and turns of logic or ideas. Cut the sentence into smaller sentences, each dealing with one idea. . Surveys are widely used in learning research, particularly in descriptive research studies. Once all of the participants had completed the study measures, and all of the data has been collected, the researcher prepared the data to be analyzed. Organizing the data correctly would save a lot of time and prevent mistakes.Most researchers choose to use a database or statistical analysis program that they can format to fit their needs in devote to organize their data effectively (A Study of An Alternative Schoolfor with child(predicate) and/or Parenting Teens three-figure and Qualitative Evidence, 2006. In what ways are the data analysis procedures appropriate for the data collected? The data analysis methods that was used in this study was appropriate because the researchers were collecting data from a samp le of enrollees of such a school-based comprehensive program and comparing them with data collected from a sample of non-enrollees, the study consistently evaluates the program. Performing any accurate or similar operations needed to get numeric information ready for analysis.This study used information that was collect Passive voice is the to be verb (be, is, was, were, or been) plus a participle. Use active instead of passive voice to make writing more vibrant and concise. Active voice = Bill completed the paper on time. Passive voice = The paper was completed on time by Bill. (Refer to Active and Passive Voice from the Grammar and Writing Guides in the Tutorials & Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence for more information.) from their interviews and entered numerical contemplation into a chart, table, and spreadsheet that could be used for analysis. In what ways are the data analysis procedures appropriate for answering the research question or questions, for tes ting the study hypothesis or hypotheses, or both? In order for the researchers to performed multivariate analysis they use comparison charts based on information gathered from the surveys and interviews in order to find the hypothesis of the Paquin School enrollment versus the public school systems.The results of the analysis of school grade point average, intention to complete 12th grade, aspiration for college education, practice of breastfeeding at any time, future intention to breastfeed, legitimate use of any contraceptive methods, and present use of Depo- Provera. There were focus groups that provided data charts that also exhibits the results of the analyses of lengths of gestation and birth weights of babies born to the teens by least square(a) regression models in each of the dependent variablesschool grade point average, aspiration to complete 12th grade, aspiration for college education, and current contraceptive use, Identify the strengths of the scientific merit of th is study.What are weaknesses? Unlike numbers or firm data, qualitative information has a tendency to be lenient, which means it cannot always be condensed Passive voice is the to be verb (be, is, was, were, or been) plus a participle. Use active instead of passive voice to make writing morevibrant and concise. Active voice = Bill completed the paper on time. Passive voice = The paper was completed on time by Bill. (Refer to Active and Passive Voice from the Grammar and Writing Guides in the Tutorials & Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence for more information.) to something certain.That is in some ways a weakness, but it is also a strength. The numbers from observation may tell you how well the pregnant teen or teen parents did in either school but the look on their face on graduation day or the satisfaction on the healthy babys faces may tell you even more about the effect of the results on them. That look cannot be translated Passive voice is the to be verb (be, is, was, were, or been) plus a participle. Use active instead of passive voice to make writing more vibrant and concise. Active voice = Bill completed the paper on time. Passive voice = The paper was completed on time by Bill. (Refer to Active and Passive Voice from the Grammar and Writing Guides in the Tutorials & Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence for more information.) into a number. That interpretation may be far more valuable in helping that student succeed than knowing her statistical stance in a study.What are the key distinctions between qualitative and quantitative data? The study design that is used Passive voice is the to be verb (be, is, was, were, or been) plus a participle. Use active instead of passive voice to make writing more vibrant and concise. Active voice = Bill completed the paper on time. Passive voice = The paper was completed on time by Bill. (Refer to Active and Passive Voice from the Grammar and Writing Guides in the Tutorials & Guides secti on of the Center for Writing Excellence for more information.) in this study is a imperious review and a meta-analysis view. The difference between a systematic review and a meta-analysis is that a systematic review looks at the whole picture (qualitative view) while a meta-analysis looks at the particular statistical picture (quantitative view). This is a study of an alternative school for pregnant and parenting teens demonstrating quantitative and qualitative evidence.ConclusionIn purpose Add comma here for clarity or to offset an afterthought from the rest of the sentence the finding from this study is that the components of a school-based comprehensive program may provide four-foldopportunities to solve the multiple problems faced by the pregnant and parenting teens, thereby minimizing missed opportunities to serve them effectively. This is also consistent with the notion that school continuation and other facets of wellbeing of the teens and their children are highly relate d, and that better utilization of an integrated range of health, educational, and social services will follow improved academic achievement, enlarged employment opportunities, and a brighter sense of the future.The finding of the study does support the hypotheses. Availability of these services decreases not only the untoward consequences of teenage pregnancy and parenthood among the teenagers, but also adverse financial, and human resources cost to the society. The focus group sessions with the teenagers demonstrate the enormous odds that pregnant adolescents face when they become pregnant. Many of the problems seem to be beyond the mental ability of the teenagers low-income families to handle on their own, let alone the capacity of the teenagers themselves. Therefore, policy planners and program administrators should develop strategies to foster inter-agency or interdepartmental collaborations and fundings to encourage and financial aid school districts in planning and initiatin g, or strengthening, comprehensive school-based alternative programs to deal with the multiple problems faced by pregnant teens from disadvantaged backgrounds.Please check the Reference and acknowledgment Examples document in the Tutorials & Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence for examples of correct formatting. Then carefully check your citations and references to be sure that they are formatted correctly.The hanging indentation is backwardsReferencesA Study of an Alternative School for Pregnant and Parenting Teens Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence. (2006, April). Springer Science & Business Media, 23(2), 172-195. http//search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/218371449 A Study of an Alternative School for Pregnant and Parenting Teens Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence. (2006, April). Springer Science & Business Media, 23(2), 172-195. http//search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/218371449

Archetypes in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay

In the novel The Adventures of huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain utilizes the archetypes of the Unwilling Hero, the Shape Shifter, and Haven vs. Wilderness to taper that huck Finn and Jim rear find freedom all along the banks of the Mississippi River. huckaback portrays the unwilling hero because he puts a lot of thought into some amour before he does it, til now though it will benefit everybody. He is also very hesitant to perform heroic acts. The King and Duke show the archetype of the learn shifter because they atomic number 18 buncostantly be about their identi inter-group communications and deceiving everybody.The Mississippi represents the characters openn, and huckaback and Jims home represents the wilderness. huckleberry Finn portrays the archetype of the unwilling hero. huck is very reluctant to do the right thing, and always shades inculpative about everything he does. The challenges huck had to overcome almost caused Huck and Jim to loose their chance at finding fre edom, only he always built up his courage and was pushed to fight for what he thought was right. After Tom and Huck spooked Jim, Tom wanted to take it further and tie Jim to a tree for fun (page 5).Huck had felt guilty for scaring Jim and didnt want to do anymore harm, so Huck said no he might wake and puff a disturbance (page 5). This relates to him organism an unwilling hero because you merchant ship see that Huck felt bad for doing the wrong thing and his conscience pushed him to do the right thing the second meter around. Another time when Huck did something to get Jim and himself further down the river was when he said I wont let no runaway niggers get by me if I can help it. (page 91). Huck then went on trying to incite himself that what he did was right.They went off and I got aboard the raft, feeling bad and low because I knowed very well I had done wrong, and I see if warnt no use for me to try to learn to do rightthen I thought a minute, and says to myself, hold on s bewilder youd a done right and giver Jim up, would you felt better than what you do now? No says I, Id feel bad-Id feel just the same way I do now. Well, then, says I, whats the use you aint no trouble to do wrong. (page 91). Huck felt guilty for lying about having Jim aboard with him, he knew that what he was doing was illegal and had trouble seeing the good in what he did.As the referee, you know that Jim is actually a good man and doesnt deserve to be treated as a slave. only for Huck, it was a unfeignedly hard struggle for him to convince himself that lying about Jim and doing the immoral thing was actually acting as the hero. Even Huck didnt think of himself as a hero after he did this, he felt bad about what he did, but the fact that it took a lot to persuade him to feel comfortable about his decision shows that he is suitable for the unwilling hero. In the quote I says to myself, this is another one that Im letting his rob her of her money.And when she got through they all jest position theirselves out to make me feel at home and know I was amongst friends. I felt so ornery and low down and mean that I says to myself, my minds make up Ill hive that money for them or bust. (page 175), Huck had just allowed con artist to steal money from some different people and had felt guilty about it because he knew of them being shape shifters all along. When the con artists made their attempt to steal these three devoid girls inheritance, Huck felt so bad that he judged to scheme against them and steal their money back. It took a lot of courage for Huck to do this.The lector and Huck share the knowledge of knowing the King and Dukes real identity as con artists. But with Huck being inside the situation, opposed to the reader being able to see the clear decision, Huck did not want people to know that he had done this deed. This shows that he was still hesitant on wanting to do this heroic act. This is showed when Huck says I got to do it in a way that the y wont suspicion that I done it (page 175). at once again it takes a lot of Huck convincing himself to do this heroic act and is still unsure about it after he does this. This clearly shows Huck in the archetype of the unwilling hero.Having Huck step out of his comfort zone lead himself and Jim to freedom, but Huck would not have been able to show as much courage if it werent for the archetype of the shapeshifter portrayed by the King and Duke. The Duke and King are always lying about their identity and ever-changing their tosh, they deceive many people including Jim, threatening Huck and Jims chance at freedom. The Duke and King began their role as shape shifters when they were first introduced in the novel. Huck and Jim were fooled by them for a bit, but it didnt take long for Huck to figure out that these were con artists.Having two shape shifters aboard with them also got Huck to explore his role as the unwilling hero more. You can see this by the way he doesnt want to say he knows who they really are. It didnt take me long to make up my mind that these liars warnt no Kings nor Dukes at all, but just low down humbugs and frauds. But I never said nothing, never let on kept it to myself its the best way then you dont have no quarrels, and dont get into no trouble. (page 125). The King and Duke scammed a whole town out of $87. 75 by making up a make story just to make some quick money.He told them he was a pirate-been a pirate for thirty yearshed been robbed pull round night and put ashore off of a steamboat without a centand put in the rest of his life trying to turn the pirates into the true way (page 131) Because the town people thought that their story was so heart touching they decided to give them a lot of money even though they didnt need it at all. This shows how ruthless these characters actually are even thought they come across as kind people. The King and Dukes final example of being shape shifters was when they sold Jim back as a slave.By do ing this Huck and Jim in conclusion realize how cruel and rotten these people are. They completely betrayed the people who had helped these con artists escape down the river buy selling Jim back into slavery for a very small price. This shows their true character and makes Huck so angry, that he finally decides to step up and become Jims hero. It was very common for the Duke and King to do this, but it took a lot of courage for Huck to finally decide to rescue Jim. This was Hucks major act that can be seen as the unwilling hero and the final step into securing Jims freedom.All of that can be seen when Huck says After all we had done for those scoundrels, here it was all come to nothing, everything was all busted up and ruined, because they could have the heart to sever Jim line a trick as that, and make him a slave again all his life, and amongst strangers, too, for forty dirty dollars (page 211). Even though the King and Duke where very deceiving shape shifters, they help Huck re alize that the Mississippi River was where he could find his freedom and that the river was his haven. Haven vs. Wilderness is another archetype that is prominent in the novel.Huck and Jim spend almost all of the story out on the Mississippi River, but just because it is in the Wilderness doesnt mean that that is their Wilderness. The story starts off with Huck explaining that he has a bad home life. His father is always drunk and doesnt take care of him, so he lives with the widow. The widow is in full control of Huck and he hates it. He is the kind of person who loves to have freedom and is always striving for it. That is the same for Jim, he is a slave that almost gets sold for money, but all he wants is freedom. Both Huck and Jims home lives are not what either of them are looking at for.This shows that this part of their lives is actually the Wilderness because to them they are unhappy and not comfortable. This is showed when Huck says Pretty soon I wanted to smoke, and asked the widow to let me, but she wouldnt. (page 2). Huck and Jim end up running away and spending their lives out on the Mississippi River, hoping that eventually they will cross the border and Huck will have the freedom he wanted and Jim will no longer be a slave. Throughout the story the reader starts to realized that the Mississippi River represents freedom and Huck and Jim have actually found their haven out on the river with each other.Both of them achieve the freedom they want and have a good time exploring and meeting new people (and smoking tobacco). This life is exciting and thrilling for them and is actually what they aspired from the beginning. This is why the Mississippi River is their Haven. You know when Huck gets away when you read I fooled pap and got away (page 30). You can also see how Jim was treated when he says I hear old missus tell de wider she gwyne to sell me down to Orleans, but she didnt want to, but she could git eight hundd dollars for me, en it uz sich a big stack o money she couldn resis. (page 43). By the end of the adjudge Huck is saying that he is going to have to stay with his Aunt because his father died and his Aunt couldnt just let him go. When Huck says Aunt pass shes going to adopt me and civilize me, and I cant stand it. I been there before. (page 293). Huck is upset about being adopted because you can see that he loved being on the raft with all of the excitement and freedom. Huck is put back into the Wilderness and finally realizes that what he wants (what his haven is), is to be out exploring the world with his buddies Tom and Jim.Even though this is opposite from what you would expect a haven and a wilderness to be it is what made Huck happy and kept the novel interesting. These places are where Huck finally realized that for the first time in his life he had the freedom that he had always wanted. Through all the example you can see how Mark Twain used the archetypes of the Unwilling Hero, the Shape Shifter, and H aven vs. Wilderness to demonstrate a struggle to freedom in the book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Huck Finn is the Unwilling hero because it takes a lot of persuading for him to do the right thing, but in the end he always does.The King and Duke display the Shape Shifter archetype because of how deceiving and two faced they are around everybody. Finally the Mississippi River represents the characters Haven and Huck and Jims home represent Wilderness because of how unhappy they are at home opposed to the river where they are both happy. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a very inspirational story of Huck performing selfless heroic acts and will leave you feeling good and hopeful for the characters in their future.

Monetary Policy vs. Fiscal Policy Essay

People always struggled with an idea of prosperity and success, whether it was a private goal or whether it was something major like wealth of a country. Nowadays, we be studying a science, which is really signifi hatfult and valuable Economics. Economics is a asshole for achieving those goals, knowledge that people can use and imply in real life, and at the present time probably undividable character reference of presidential terms performances around the world. For us, students, on that point are two different matters we study Macro scotchals, the study of the performance of national economies and Microeconomics, which focuses on the behavior of individual households, firms, and markets.During the fall quarter of 2001, I was exposed to the staple fiber ideas and uses of the Macroeconomics. Macroeconomics policies giving medication actions to improve the performance of the economy are of particular concern to macroeconomists, as the quality of macroeconomic form _or_ system of governmentmaking as a major determinant of a nations economic health. Mo clamsary and fiscal policies are two policies that we were concentrated on, and were the most significant part of the course for me. There is too very much involved in these policies and they interact with each(prenominal) other consistently. I decided to write this paper, summarizing the raw material functions of two policies, tried to explain what it is that makes them work, how effective these two policies can be, and how one relates to another.In looking at the effectiveness of Monetary and Fiscal policies, it must be understood how the two relate to each other at bottom the government structure. The federal Open Market Committee FOMC is the most important monetary policy-making body of the Federal Reserve System. It is responsible for the formulation of a policy designed to promote economic growth, full employment, stable prices, and a sustainable pattern of international trade and paymen ts. The seven Board members constitute a majority of the 12-member Federal Open Market Committee, the group that makes the key decisions affecting the cost and avail office of gold and credence in the economy. The other five members of the FOMC are Reserve Bank presidents, one of who isthe president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The Board sets reserve requirements and shares the responsibility with the Reserve Banks for discount rate policy. The FOMC is the policy arm of the Fed and the tasks of the Federal Reserve are to supervise banks, fixing maximum rates of interests.The U.S exchequer, though it aids in much of the monetary management, represents the pecuniary sector, which is the U.S Congress. Fiscal policy blinds, such areas as appraiseation and other revenue gathering and outgo measures. Fiscal policies are those actions that are enacted by the Legislative dissever of the U.S government, the Congress. Their fiscal policies are enacted through the U.S Treasu ry. Therefore, the Treasury is the arm of fiscal policy and the Federal Reserve is the arm of monetary policy. For typesetters case, even if Congress has allocated some do of money to take over failing banks and savings and loans, and it is not enough, than the Fed can pump capital into the system by buying bank stocks. So, this is example of how the Fed interacts and influences the ups and downs of the economy.In looking at the relationship between the Fed and The Treasury, essentially, the Fed was set up to provide the U.S Treasury with a more alright fiscal agent. In acting as the fiscal agent for the U.S Treasury, or more specifically, as the primary banker for the federal government, the Fed acts as Financial advisor, alluviation and receiving agent, agent for issuing and retiring treasury securities, agent for other transactions involving secures and sales of securities for Treasury account, agent for the government in purchasing and gold and unknown exchange, and lender to the Treasury.The Treasury influences monetary and credit conditions as well, through its revenue and expenditure policies, its debt management policies relative to the size and location of its money ease, and so on. As an instrument of monetary management, the Treasury keeps its money balance in cash in the vaults as Treasury deposits at the Federal Reserve, and Treasury deposits at commercial-grade banks.Owing to the degree of Treasury operations, these policies have marked effect on monetary and credit conditions, especially over periods. Ordinarily, the Treasury does not use these powers for designed and continuous monetary management this is primarily the function of the Federal Reserve. However, it does try to use its powers in such a way as to avoid creating ripe problems for the Federal Reserve, and on occasion, it uses them intentionally to supplement Federal Reserve policies.The following is an example of how this occurs. The Treasury can implement sumptuary action s. For example, the Treasury increases it money balance $1 billion by taxing the public or selling securities to the public. When the Treasury cashes the checks, the public loses $1 billion of its deposits. If the Treasury holds these deposits at commercial banks, this is the design of the effect the reserve positions of the banks are unaffected. But if the Treasury uses the $1 billion to build up its cash in vault or its deposits at the Federal Reserve, member banks reserves will be reduced by $1 billion.Basically, if we find an increase in the Treasurys money balance, this die hards to be restrictive unless the Treasury acquires the extra money by borrowing from the Federal Reserve. If it acquires the money balance by taxing the public or selling securities to it, the publics money supply is today decreased. If it acquires money by selling securities to commercial banks, the publics money supply is not directly decrease, but the ability of the banks to create deposits for the public is reduced because they must use some their reserves to support the Treasury deposit. However, given the size of each increase in the Treasurys balance, the degree of restrictiveness depends on the form in which it is held. On the other hand, the Treasury can affect monetary policy, by easing restrictions as well. Sometimes the Treasury utilizes liberalizing actions in a positive way to ease credit to supplement Federal Reserve actions. More often, however, it uses them to avoid creating conditions that would make the line of work of the Federal Reserve more difficult.Given, this information, we can see what the relationship is between theFederal Reserve and the U.S Treasury. They often complement each other and balance each other out. However, the prime job of the Federal Reserve is to act as the federal government bank, as well as regulating monetary policy, credit regulations, and supervising function of member banks. The U.S Treasury is the element of the government, wh ich collects money from the public, either through the sale of securities or through taxation. The U.S Treasury is that arm of the government, which provides the government with money it needs to operate, which of course is part of fiscal policy operations. The Fed is the bank that the Treasury uses for its banking needs, to be it in the most simplistic terms.***We were all shocked by tragedy that happened on September 11, 2001. There was a tremendous impact on the entire world by that event. People were heavily affected emotionally same as financially. Many lives were taken by the coward act of those who responsible for such disaster. The US faced a number of consequences followed by many bumps on its way to the future. Unbelievable economic downturn made all sectors of the economy to suffer this impact and force them to make decisions, which they probably didnt thought of. Because Fiscal and Monetary Policy have a straight connection to the several actions taken by the government to stimulate weakened economy, I decided to cover what is going on right now within government structure and briefly explain what people should expect from policymakers, who are doing their best to respond to these obstacles, which we are facing right now, as quick as possible.Considering that todays U.S. economy is already in mild recession and many indicators show it king face the most severe economic downturn since 1970s of the last century, President Bush and his administration called for additional input package for fiscal 2002. Policymakers in Washington are considering a number of actions that could stimulate the economy. Among them the options being considering are tax cuts that could spur consumption or investment, and additional federal spending that could directly increase economic activity.Republicans are the majorities in the House ofRepresentatives and Democrats, who control the Senate, have very different and opposite visions about ways to stimulate the U.S. economy . Republicans consider that economic growth is generated through investments by businesses, which encouraged by cuts in taxes and tax rates. Democrats support the proposal that stimulates consumer spending such as through tax rebates for low-income, extensions of unemployment insurance, and government spending to promote construction and other infrastructure.A several weeks ago, the House Ways and Means Committee have passed a $100 billion economic stimulus package main part of which 85% for permanent tax cuts, mostly for embodied tax cuts. The major components of this plan areElimination of the corporate alternative minimum taxes and refunds AMT credits.This is a most controversial point of the House Republicans proposal. The minimum tax was designed to make profitable companies to pay a basic amount even if they owe no corporate income tax because of some deductions. Democrats support the fairness of this tax cut but disagree with its retroactive manner because although these r efunds would effectively reduce the tax rate on corporate income but those compensations for the previous investment, not bare-ass investment.Permit 30% immediate expensing write-off for purchase of capital assets over the next three years.Reduce the maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain from 20% to 18%.Deductions of net losses from taxes paid up to five years earlier.Republicans argue that all these corporate tax cuts are necessary to encourage businesses to invest more into new capital because businesses would have more income or retained earnings. And as a result it would spur the economy. Democrats disagree. They tell that businesses would notnecessary to invest some of any tax cuts will be saved or businesses can simply to pay down their debts or to spend them for dividends to their stockholders and maybe only small part would go into new investment.Permanent cut in the former 28% tax cut rate to 25% would be accelerated to 2002.Democrats argue that this tax cut would be more effective if it will be temporary rather than permanent tax cut because this acceleration significantly shorten government revenue in later years and in the long run the government cant afford these rates cuts. Moreover, most of the tax reprieve would benefit only the top one-quarter of all income tax filers, who are likely to save more and spend less from tax cuts than those who have lower incomes and tend to spend whatever extra income they have. That is why Democrats support the proposal to send additional tax rebates for low-income workers, because the more rebate is spend the more effective it is as a stimulus. Democrats want to freeze marginal tax reduction in previous 39.6 bracket to 38.6% rather to decline it. It would save roughly $100 billion between 2002 and 2011.Democrats have proposed a smaller package with far fewer and temporary tax cuts and significantly more new spending 75% of the stimulus plan. They support the ways that spur consumer spending that has kept the economy afloat such as through tax rebates for lower income workers, expansions of unemployment insurance and government spending for construction and other infrastructure. For instance, temporary changes in the unemployment insurance program or any additional benefits provided would likely be spent and go directly to output. mankind capital investments involve direct government purchases of goods and services and therefore directly add demand into economy.

Life Is Beautiful Movie Essay

Toribio Part A All of the qoutations pretty much tells the same message. But for me Rabbi Barry H Blocks qoutation most strongly captures the essense of the film. As i read the qoutation hope and laughter can bring light into even the darkest corner affect me,it is because our country is in the list of poorest countries in the world. We need to practise everyday under the sun just to buy food for our families. One thing that i am high-minded of being filipino is you cant really tell if we have a problem because we are always smiling. One thing that makes every filipino happy is a karaoke machine,there is no family who doesnt have one.I remember when I was still in the Philippines we sing for forever until we get the 100% score and we even sing until dawn. Thats why were proud of Jessica Sanchez 2nd runner up of American Idol because she get to show other people what filipinos got. Even if people dont have any(prenominal) food or money in there we have our neighbours who shares wha t they have,that is love and were still smile and laugh even though deep inside were not. I focused more on the word laughter because it is really the best medicine. This response is more on emotional that intelectual because i experienced it before.Part B The three aspects of the film that illustrate the healing effect of story on human life are the direction,the funny scenes and the music. The way Roberto Benigni directed the film he is showing that life is not about laughter only. At first I didnt expect the film to have a lonely part, in life you dont know what is going to happen next and what to expect. One funny scene that i love is when Dora is been stung by a wasp and Guido asked her if she is stung in other places. The music of the movie is so calming and everytime I hear it I feel like Im in a disco or a dance ball in the 90s.

Introduction To Duty Of Care In Health Essay

I heard you were thinking of working in the complaint Profession which is excellent, I just wanted to f threatening you in on a few things which would help you. Health and Social Care work places use up what is called a duty of care which means that you have a duty of care towards the people that you are looking after that means you must do everything you can to hang in the individuals you look after ripe from harm. It is not only the work place that has to prioritise the safety, welfare and interests of the individuals using the service but too the care staff. Care workers must also have a duty of care towards other staff members to ensure that all working conditions are safe and suitable to deliver the best service they can.It also means macrocosm a responsible care giver for other individuals who could be too ill or physically unable to care for themselves and requires another person to assist them on a daily basis, this could include assisting the individuals with their per sonal hygiene, safety, meal preparation or other medical and physical needs until they are met to the highest standards that the individual is happy with. Duty of Care affects the way people work as the employer provides policies and procedures and ways of being aware of any dangers by carrying out Risk Assessments. Social Care workers and Care organisations must do as much as possible to keep individuals safe from harm, we do these Risk Assessments by looking for either a hazard which is an actual or potential such as a chemical substance or process that may lead to an accident, also risks a situation that can lead to a hazard and carry the possibilities of something serious happening.

Difference Between Tangled and Classic Princess Movies

Jaimie Kim English 1 Language Dynamics First Draft of Analytical Essay November 6, 2012 Well, Im re all in ally non supposed to speak to strangers, more thanover weve met before once upon a dream. This quote from Sleeping Beauty portrays Walt Disney Productions atomic number 19 tradition of Disney princess motion pictures of how most of the female protagonists are waiting for her sleep with. . In 2010, however, Disney created a movie, named snarly, which was based on the Grimm Brothers description of Rapunzel. Although Disney regulated to put its own version of this tale, Tangled is still ab let on the long-haired princess who is locked away in a tower by a witch.Instead of dreaming about love, Tangled presents a story where Rapunzel makes a deal with a thief, Flynn Rider, to go on an escapade to see the festival of lights that appear annually on her birthday. Among the classic Disney princess movies, Tangled is distinguishable because of the lack of femininity shown in the title. Disney had named all the fairy tales with titles that did non charm all audiences, such as Cinderella, Beauty and the Beast, and Sleeping Beauty. On the contrary, the tale about Rapunzel was not named Rapunzel, but rather the title Tangled, which interested a larger audience.Another difference that can be seen amidst Tangled and The Little Mermaid, as the ideal classic princess movie, is the female protagonists advancement to love Rapunzel to Flynn Rider and Ariel to Eric. Lastly, the other princess movies were by and large all drawn by hand and appeared to be flat while Tangled was created with computer-generated images that made the visuals more attractive and, therefore, was added to the list of successful animated films that were produced by Disney.The titles of the classic princess movies followed a pattern Snow whitened and the Seven Dwarfs was a movie about the princess Snow White, Cinderella was about Cinderella, and Sleeping Beauty was about the princess Au rora. These titles had female causaistics that caught girls interest, but did not appeal to the other half of the young audience the boys. Nevertheless, those movies were successful, but why did Disney decide to change its style for the title of the story of Rapunzel?Many believed that the title change may fall in had something to do with them altering the traditionalRapunzelstory enough that it warranted a completely different title. Adam Markovitz, however, argues that becauseThe Princess and the Frogwas no great shakes at the box office in 2009 and Disney wanted to make the project seem less girlish, the title was changed from Rapunzel Unbraided to Tangled. This proves that Disney ruling that The Princess and the Frog place in the box office was a failure because of the title.This leads to why they named the movie Tangled, so they can attract varied demographics. It also drew the audiences attention to the duos complicated relationship. In addition, this movie was not all a bout Rapunzel, because there was another protagonist in like manner the princess Flynn Rider. By having the title as Tangled, Disney broke the standard of titling the princess movies by their names. Based on the main characters attitude towards love, Tangled is distinctive from Disneys The Little Mermaid. I specifically chose this classic princess movie because many believe that Rapunzel is an Ariel knock-off. Throughout The Little Mermaid, Ariel and Eric communicate to each other by only dexterous and doing gestures. It was slightly ridiculous how they still managed to fall in love, as shown in the scene where Ariel udders Daddy, I love Eric and, in the end, gets married. The reason behind the whole concept of love at first sight is, as Robin Murray says, If Ariel wasnt attractive, Eric would not be as motivated to spend time with her. Likewise, if Eric was unattractive, Ariel wouldnt have sold her soul to be with him. (146) This proves that fact that the relationship was based entirely on looks, because these two characters did not communicate with each other effectively. As a result, they knew nothing about each other alike seeing that the significant other was attractive and, therefore, the one for them. This shows that the Disney princess movies were all about the idea of love at first sight. Aside from the concept of love, Tangled was a movie that had a plot that related to reality, negatively charged the magical hair of Rapunzel. This can be seen at the moment where Rapunzel scoffs at Flynn when he broke out his charm.This sets her apart from most of the other princesses, who would most likely swoon over Flynns charisma. In the front end of an attractive guy, Ariel jeopardizes her existence, but Rapunzel is not impressed and is ready to use her frying pan as a weapon. Throughout the movie, Rapunzel and Flynns relationship contrasts greatly from Ariel and Erics. They dont fall in love instantly, which doesnt follow that princess movies storyline o f love at first sight. Their relationship progresses and the audience are able to envision all the individual brilliant moments they shared together. Rapunzel and Flynn first had a friendship that was a combination of summercater and passion that later progressed organically and realistically, into love. Rapunzels climax to love was more respectable and relatable to the viewers, which shows the difference between Tangled from not only The Little Mermaid, but also to the rest of the classic princess movies. The classic Disney princess movies were all made from the traditional hand-drawn process. Due to limitations in computer technology, many basic principles of animation had been absent from these movies.Tangled was created by usingcomputer-generated imagery, known as CGI. Even though it was a CGI film, the producers wanted this movie to be more attractive visually by still having movement that mimicked the soft fluidity of the hand-drawn art found in classic Disney princess movi es. This is why Disney decided to have the movie modeled after the romantic look of cut Rococo oil paintings on canvas from the artist, Jean-Honore Fragonard, as stated by New York Times. (Scott) This helped add an glory that had a magical appearance.Rather than focusing on realism, the 3D team decided to use an aesthetic approach that drew the audience in a fantasy. Tangleds stereoscopic supervisor, Robert Newman, explains of the process of the new approach Were using depth more artistically than before, by using a new technique called multi-rigging, which is made up by multiple pairs ofvirtual cameras. Each pair is used individually on each separate element that adds depth to a scene, like background, foreground and characters, without adjusting for the relation with the other pairs.

Ford Pinto

In 1968 Lee Iacocca and the traverse tug fellowship wanted to produce a inexpensive vehicle to appeal to the first eon buyers market. Mr. Iacocca philosophy was for consumers to remember fording as the very first vehicle that they owned so that when it was sentence for them to invest in a nonher vehicle it would be a hybridisation. But, in order for cross everywhere to snap off a inexpensive vehicle to fit the philosophy of Lee Iacocca, they had to exclude corners.Unfortunately, the wholeness corner they cut was the placement of the fuel tank, causing catastrophic failure in rear end collisions resulting in detriment of breeding, serious harm, or burned out vehicles. Daniel Boyce, author of The hybridization Pinto Cade Information, cuts to the chase, The Ford Pinto is known to be one of the most dangerous cars produced in automotive history due to several serious design flaws (Boyce). This is a crucial statement that bunghole affect the genius of a company and pay s erious consequences financially.If it was my eventual(prenominal) decision to either engage in a recall or to settle the cases in which injury occurred I would have to choose the decision to recall. Not only would that decision be the correct respectable decision in my mind, it would be a decision, one that would have been very costly, that would have saved the nature of Ford locomote confederacy and would have paid off with future gross sales. There argon devil different stakeholders in this situation. The first and most important in my opinion would be the consumer, those buying the Ford Pinto.The second stakeholder would be the investors, stockholders, of Ford Motor Company. My decision to recall the Pinto, spending $11 per vehicle for a total of $121 zillion, would be to benefit the liveness of those that had purchased the vehicle. Those individuals that had put trust in the Ford Motor Company to develop a safe and reliable product have more encourage than that of a l ong horse mark figure. Though my decision to recall might not sit right with the investors of Ford Motor Company, in my opinion it is the moral and ethical decision that could pay off financially in the future.Pay the $121 million now, fix the 11 million Pinots that are out on the streets, establish a account of doing what is right for the safety and well being of your consumers, and the sales of your future vehicles would drastically improve. To have a reputation that Ford cares more about the bottom line than the consumers that purchase their products, that human life has no value, slew be detrimental to the future sales of Ford products. With my decision to recall obviously the immediate inancial touch of Ford Motor Company would be significant, $121 million to be exact. In my opinion, this initial investment of stamping ground the Pinto will bring bigger profits to Ford Motor Company in the future. Andrew Bouman wrote an article regarding the Ford Pinto and addressed future car sales, When people are purchasing vehicles now days they still withdraw back to the ford pinto and think that hopefully this same issue isnt going to happen with this car. This has affected the sales of Ford vehicles (Bouman, 2009).Other car manufactures have had safety issues and the company chose to fix the problem, putting human life in front of the bottom line. This philosophy has been successful for other automobile manufactures, a philosophy Ford should have followed. Bouman goes on to say, If ford would have thought about their future they definitely would have dog-tired the money to fix each one of the vehicles and then their sales would be doing a lot come apart today and they would not have lost as much money (Bouman, 2009).The question Ford Motor Company had to deal with was does the human life have a value? Their decision to place a $200,000 figure for each individual that was negatively affected by the Pinto tells me that Ford placed a dollar mark value on human life. Michael Zimmerman writes, The intrinsic value of something is said to be the value that that thing has in itself, or for its own sake, or as such, or in its own right (Zimmerman, 2002). We are talking life a value in itself, a value for its own sake, and a value in its own right.Ford was talking value of life that would affect them, Ford motor Company, not the life of the consumer. The instrumental value is the value of the object, and in this situation the object is the human life. Ford Motor Company valued the human life at $200,000 this dollar figure was a life value that benefitted Ford Motor Company, not those that purchased Ford Motor Company products. But does human value have a monetary price associated with it? In my opinion no there is no dollar figure that can be substituted for life.But life does have a value, a purpose, a stake, but it is just not financially connected. I think that with human life the intrinsic and instrumental values are connected, not separated . The human life has value in itself, has value for the individual but it also has a value as an object, it has a purpose and stake what happens within the future, it just doesnt have a dollar figure attached to it. Stanley Riukas explains, in an article discussing intrinsic and instrumental value, inherent and instrumental values are inseparably connected, that they are strictly parallel as regards their quantity, quality and other characteristics, that they are reversible, and that their birthrate determines the richness of human life (Riukas). The richness of human life places the instrumental value upon it. In conclusion, the decision I would have made in regards to the defective design of Ford Motor Companys Pinto would have been drastically different than that of Lee Iacocca.I would have placed the value of human life over the value of the company. In my opinion this decision would have financially benefited Ford Motor Company in the future. A reputation of doing what is best for the consumer rather than what is best for the company has a direct impact on the success of the company in the future, Making the initial investment of $121 million would have gone farther that having the reputation of putting life second and the thought of unreliable vehicles manufactured by Ford Motor Company in the minds of all consumers.ReferencesAndrew Bouman. (October 14, 2009). The Ford Pinto. In Ezine Articles. Retrieved July 7, 2013, from http//ezinearticles.com/?The-Ford-Pintoid=3044629. Daniel Boyce. (n.d.). The Ford Pinto Case Information. In The Ford Pinto Case. Retrieved July 7, 2013, from http//fordpintoethics.webs.com/. Stanley Riukas. (n.d.). underlying and Instrumental Values in Ethics. In The Paideia Project On-Line. Retrieved July 7, 2013, from http//www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Valu/ValuRiuk.htm. Zimmerman, Michael J. (October 22, 2002). Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Value. In The Stanford cyclopaedia of Philosophy (Winter 2010 Edition). Retrieved July 7, 2013, from http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/value-intrinsic-extrinsic/WhaHasIntVal.

Evidence Based Practice in Mental Health Nursing Essay

One of the most common and disabling mental disorders encountered at heart mental health and frequent medical settings is that of an concern disorder (Dattilio & Kend all in all 2000). Re pursuit has indicated that hoi polloi with encyclopaedism disabilities atomic number 18 more prevalent to psychological disorders than the astray distributed population (Hassiotis et al 2000) consequently it could be hypothesised that prevalence rates of anxiety disorders are like if not greater inside the learning disabled population. Professional literature suggests that cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) has been an effective treatment against anxiety disorder (Beck 1995) even so this literature has predominately concentrated its focus to within the confines of mental health and customary medical settings (Dattilio & Kendall 2000).The ability of people with learning disabilities to identify, evaluate and respond to their dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs, fundamentals of CBT (Beck 19 95) gift specify into inquire the very purpose of this treatment programme for this particular client group (Kroese et al 1997). From a professional and personal perspective and through the utilisation of the Seedhouse (1998) Ethical Grid responding to an anxiety disorder by way of CBT could be considered an ethically acceptable clinical intercession. Nationally and locally through government directives, Valuing nation (Department of wellness 2001) and initiatives such(prenominal) as health Action Plans (Department of health 2002) services have recognise that they gather up to be more responsive to the mental health needs of people with learning disabilities. As a learning disability nurse wishing to ascertain the military capability of CBT as a practical interference when presented with the dual-diagnosis of anxiety disorder and learning disability, is through the use of state- found entrust.When deciding on the surmount doable clinical intervention for an identifie d answer problem it seams logical to convert the issue into a virtuoso fareable re attend (Colyer & Kamath 1999). Several authors have identified that the use of frameworks to inform the development of the clinical interrogative mood provide the practitioner with a magisterial military operation of formulating an answerable question (Sackett et al 1997 Ridsdale1998). One such framework as described by Sackett et al (1997) is a four- stage emergence, cognize by the acronym PICO tolerant or Population interpolation or IndicatorComparison or ControlOutcomeThe kindly structure of an answerable question is the basis of show-based practice and should guide the practitioner to how to find an answer (Ridsdale 1998). It is important that each variable under the PICO framework is clearly defined, being as detailed and explicit as viable in order to extend clarification to the question.Working through PICO methodically the practitioner would instigate the process by defining the P atient or Population. Characteristics such age, gender and diagnosis would need to be deliberated and whilst the aforementioned were easily recognised in the practice area as adult male, identifying appropriate linguistic communication for diagnosis corporation prove problematic. The border Learning Disability is often used interchangeably in literature with terms such as, Mental Retardation and Intellectual Disabilities. Learning Disability is a term with contemporary purpose within the United Kingdom to describe a client group with solid development delays (Gates 1996). Whilst the idiom Learning Disability is the preferred terminology for the question due to its contemporary usage it must be accepted that its a term not internationally recognised nor is it a term used for long in the United Kingdom (Gates 1996).Anxiety disorder comes in m some(prenominal) an(prenominal) facets and can be described as severe psychological disorders in which abnormal or continuing anxiety int erferes with daily living (Adams & Bromley 1998). The client in the practice area had described psychological and physiological symptoms that were diagnosed as a social anxiety disorder through rating scales and self-report measures. It is crucial that the practitioner is sensible that the term identified for the question as social anxiety is often recognised by the synonyms, social phobia or panic disorder (Dattilio & Kendall 2000). The recognition of this inconsistent terminology will enable an paygrade totake place between the relationships of the chosen term to symptoms displayed by the client.The identification of existing clinical interventions is a valuable part of the process of developing secernd-based interventions (Meijel 2003). Literature suggests that CBT is an effective treatment for a number of psychological disorders (Embling 2002 Hatton 2002). Central to the model of CBT is that distorted or dysfunctional thinking is prevalent in all psychological disorders (Bec k 1995). Analysis of accumulated experience of existing interventions and the aforementioned register of its validity led to the application of CBT as the question intervention.It is not imperative for the question to have a comparison intervention and this was the stake in the clinical problem described, therefore the conclusive element utilising the PICO framework was outcome. The outcome should be measurable (Sackett et al 1997) and after initially trivialising with the term used it became evident that this would not develop into something that could be measured. Discussing whether or not an intervention is effective however would provide the question with a measurable outcome. edict of the terminology identified through the PICO framework would consequently translate the question as Is cognitive-behaviour therapy an effective intervention for adult males with learning disabilities diagnosed as suffering from social anxiety?A well-formulated chase outline is an crucial comp onent in gathering appropriate inference (Hewitt-Taylor 2002). Ridsdale (1998) discusses a four-stage search strategy that helps to translate the question into a meaningful search a) Identify the opened elements of the questionb) Define the relationship between the eccentric elementsc) Convert the subject elements into search themesd) Decide on the scope of the searchAssistance to define the subject elements can be undercoat within the PICO framework Patient Learning Disability, Social AnxietyIntervention CBTOutcome EffectivenessOnce identified an effective means of contacting the subject elements of a question for the search process is through the use of operators. Operators such as And Or no., form a logical link between the elements of the question and can be used collectively or individually in some(prenominal) electronic database search (Ridsdale 1998). All of the subject elements of the question were required in order provide a conclusive answer therefore the opera tor required for the search strategy could be identified as And. The subject elements then require conversion into terms by which references can be retrieved (Ridsdale 1998). A keyword search would apply the terms identified as the subject elements, however making a list of the known synonyms of the subject elements such as Intellectual Disability and Mental Retardation, for inclusion, would substantially develop the search process. finally the scope of the search decides what is wanted from the search. In order to identify the most appropriate type of establish that is required for the practice problem the type of question asked must be identified (Sackett et al 1997). The question developed through the PICO framework can be readily identified as questioning, the effectiveness of a therapy. Sackett et al (1997) proposes that the best available evidence to answer this type of question is comparative / prospective studies and ideally random controlled struggles (RCTs) which in act determine the choice of database (Ridsdale 1998).Sackett et al (1997) provides a comprehensive catalogue of entropy mental imagerys such as databases, journals and web sites along with descriptionsof the type of evidence that can be found within these resources. It was established previously that the best type of evidence for the question would be RCTs and comparative / prospective studies. From the descriptions supplied by Sackett et al (1997) it could be identified that the Cochrane Library supplies the substance abuser with full text systematic look intos of effects of health-care interventions along with bibliographies of controlled trials.Further electronic databases identified through Salford University library information services were PsycINFO that contains citations and summaries of journal articles and books in the subject area of psychology chosen for its congruity with the clinical intervention. Swetswise an electronic journal aggregator that provides access to full text publications from several major health care related academic publishers and IngentaConnect which offers full text availability for all core Blackwell science and medical journals were chosen due to familiarity of use and extensive subject matter. Other databases considered were CINAHL, EMBASE and AMED however all were discounted due to their general nursing bias.Despite the recognition of Ridsdales (1998) four-stage search strategy and its systematic approach the initial search were blameless exploiting familiar strategies through the IngentaConnect database. Preconceptions from previous endeavours searching for relevant evidence furnished the belief that a similar strategy would provide sufficient evidence to answer the question. A number of the subject elements were used through keyword searches whilst the operator And was used to link each in turn (See Appendix). This easy to use search strategy formd a number of hits however none matched the criteria identified as being the most appropriate type of evidence to answer the question. The search revealed that almost all of the evidence found belonged in either mental health (Heimberg 2002) or general medical settings (Scholing & Emmelkamp 1999).Whenever the term learning disability or mental retardation was utilise they invariable appeared indiscriminately amidst the title or knock off of the article providing no specific relevance to the question. The frustration born out of this strategy led to that searches of electronic databases firstly through another familiar database, Swetswise. Ridsdale (1998) identifies that similarly some hits will be get if the subject element is to generaland this was evident in the first keyword search. The term learning disabilities produced 548 hits (See Appendix) far too many to feasibly scan. The subsequent four searches failed to produce a single hit a possibility similarly recognised by Ridsdale (1998) who suggests alternative synonyms are utilised in this c ircumstance.Due to the inability to find any relevant material of value towards answering the question Ridsdales (1998) four-stage strategy was then conscientiously choose in conjunction with the knowledge acquired through lectures received at Salford University. A further search of Swetswise database was completed (See Appendix) which revealed significantly less hits than previously achieved but produced a literature review (Hatton 2002) specifically aimed at the use of CBT and people with learning disabilities. Whilst this evidence did not fulfil previous identified criteria it established that pursuing Ridsdales (1998) strategy could provide some success. A similar approach was undertaken while searching the Cochrane Library database which allows the user to restrict the search to the acquisition of systematic reviews and controlled trials whilst using a simple keyword option. Again the subject elements were utilised along with the recognised operator and despite new found conf idence and knowledge the search strategy revealed no evidence of systematic reviews or RCTs with regards to the question (See Appendix). All systematic reviews or RCTs retrieved belonged within general and mental health settings.The final electronic database to be utilised was PsycINFO (via Ovid) where again Ridsdales (1998) four-stage strategy was conscientiously adopted. PsycINFO requires the user to have some prior knowledge of how to use electronic databases and their search strategies, which initially can prove bewildering to the novice. Once familiar with the database and its ability to combine search strategies either through keyword, journal or author the user should find it a practical resource (See Appendix). zero(prenominal)systematic reviews or RCTs were found within the results however a further literature review (Feldman & Rivas-Vazquez 2003) aimed at psychosocial interventions and people with intellectual disabilities was unearthed along with evidence from child and adolescence services (Dadds & Spence 1997) and psychiatric services (Carmin & Albano 2003).Hatton (2002) suggests that interrogation evidence on the effects of psychosocial interventionsfor people with learning disabilities is sparse, whilst Kroese (1998) adds that therapists are reluctant to engage into therapy with this client group due to their dislike of having to relate to them. In an attempt to discover any type of evidence relating to people with learning disabilities and CBT the Salford University library catalogue was searched (See Appendix). A simple keyword search revealed one book (Kroese et al 1997) attaining the subject elements however again it did not produce the type of evidence recognised as the most appropriate to answer the question.Sackett et al (1997 p.2) defines evidence based practice asthe conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions approximately the care of individual patients.With this definition in mind it sho uld be established as to what constitutes current best evidence and its implications for the practitioner wishing to implement evidence based practice. Belsey & Snell (2001 p.2) states that, evidence is presented in many forms and the value of evidence can be ranked according to the spare-time activity classification in fall order of credibilityI. Strong evidence from at least one systematic review of twofold well-designed randomised controlled trialsII. Strong evidence from at least one properly designed randomised controlled trial of appropriate sizeIII. essay from well-designed trials such as non-randomised trials, cohort studies, time series or matched case-controlled studiesIV. Evidence from well-designed non-experimental studies from more than one centre or research groupV. Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical evidence, descriptive studies or reports of expert committeesIn accepting this hierarchy of evidence practitioners should concede that the systematic review of multiple well-designed RCTs constitutes best available evidence (Colyer & Kamath 1999). Sullivan (1998) adds weight to this argument when he states that RCTs constitute the strongest source of evidence and that the scientific community prefer the quantitative research technique that makes use of empirical data following a systematic process.Whilst a number of RCTs were found (Dadds & Spence 1997 Scholing & Emmelkamp 1999) whilst undertaking the search strategy none belonged within learning disability settings. The only evidence found specific to the original question were literature reviews and a specializer book (Kroese et al 1997) aimed at CBT and learning disabilities. The literature reviews (Hatton 2002 Kroese 1998) revealed that a number of case studies and a case series had demonstrated the potential feasibility of CBT reducing anxiety amongst people with learning disabilities. Whilst the specialist book (Kroese et al 1997) discussed conceptual and contextual issue s of CBT and people with learning disabilities suffering anxiety disorders. This type of evidence appears in the lower reaches of the hierarchy of evidence and as such its subjectivity, reliability and validity can be disputed (Sullivan 1998).Whilst acknowledging the hierarchy of evidence and the proposal that comparative / prospective studies and ideally RCTs were the best forms of evidence to answer this type of question (Sackett et al 1997) it appears that in their absence the evidence revealed is the best available. RCTs are widely acknowledged as the gold standard of evidence-based practice (Rowland & Goss 2000) however it is suggested that they bear little resemblance to periodic reality (McInnes et al 2001). RCTs can be pragmatic or explanatory the former is concerned with the overall effectiveness of an intervention whilst the latter examines the impact of specific treatment elements on outcome (Parry 2000) however uncomplete considers the perspectives and uniqueness of t he respondents.The evidence recovered for the question (Hatton 2002 Kroese 1998) albeit in the lower reaches of the hierarchy acknowledges the feelings of the respondents due to its qualitative character (patient centred, holistic and humanistic) therefore making it extremely suitable for the study of nursing phenomena (Parahoo1997) along with its relevance as regards answering a therapy question (Parry 2000).Kroese (1997) offers a number of reasons why there is this lack of quantitative research evidence surrounding the subject elements in the question. He suggests that people with a learning disability are a devalued population, it is impossible to ensure that changes are due to clinical manipulations if individuals (learning disabled) do not have stable cognitions. Finally there is a conjecture that anxiety in people with learning disabilities is the like as in the general population consequently there is no need for specifically cerebrate research. It emerges that learning dis ability services continue to adapt research evidence from general and mental health settings (Finlay & Lyons 2001) a similar approach with the RCTs recovered from the search strategy could make them a valued resource however it would take a skilled clinician to make this a feasible option.Reflection is a obligatory component of Continuing Professional Development and is a legitimate method for questioning personal effectiveness and responsibility in all aspects of health care (Driscoll & Teh 2001). Through the process of reflection the practitioner recognised his own limitations in identifying appropriate evidence for his clinical problems, along with the often inconclusive, time consuming and baffle strategies undertaken in the search of evidence in support of his clinical practice.The structured frameworks utilised throughout the process described earlier gave the practitioner a systematic approach to formulating a question, developing a search strategy and identifying appropria te evidence to answer his practice problem. The ability to systematically approach future clinical problems will enable the practitioner to offer his clients a holistic, client centred practice from the best external evidence available.Adams, B. Bromley, B. (1998) psychology for Health Care Key Terms and Concepts, London, Macmillan PressBeck, J.S. (1995) Cognitive Therapy Basics and Beyond, London, GuildfordPress.Belsey, J. Snell, T. (2001) What is Evidence-Based Medicine? Internet uncommitted from www.jr2.ox.uk/bandolier (Accessed 7th December 2004)Carmin, C.N. Albano, A.M. (2003) Clinical Management of Anxiety cark in Psychiatric Settings Psychologys Impact on Evidence-Based Treatment of Children and Adults, Professional Psychology Research and Practice, Vol. 34, No. 2 pp 170-176.Colyer, H. Kamath, P. (1999) Evidence-based practice A philosophical and political analysis some matters for consideration by professional practitioners, Journal of pass on Nursing, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp 188-193Dadds, M.R. Spence, S.H. (1997) Prevention and Early Intervention for Anxiety Disorders A Controlled Trial, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Vol. 65, No. 4, pp 627-635.Dattilio, F.M. Kendall, P.C. (2000) Panic Disorder In Dattilio, F.M. Freeman, A. Cognitive behavioral Strategies in Crisis Interventions 2nd Edition, London, The Guildford Press.Driscoll, J. Teh, B. (2001) The potential of reflective practice to develop individual orthopaedic nurse practitioners and their practice, Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing, Vol. 5, pp 95-103Embling, S. (2002) The effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy in depression, Nursing Standard, Vol. 17, Nos. 14-15, pp 33-41Feldman, L.B. Rivas-Vazquez, R.A. (2003) Assessment and Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder, Professional Psychology Research and Practice Vol. 34, No. 4, pp 396-405.Gates, B. (1996) Learning Disability In Kenworthy, N. Snowley, G. Gilling, C. (Eds) Common Foundations Studies in Nursing Second Edition, London ,Churchill Livingston.Hassiotis, A. Barron, P. OHara, J. (2000) Mental Health Services for People with Learning Disabilities, British Medical Journal, Vol. 321, Issue 7261, pp 583-584Hatton, C. (2002) Psychosocial interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities and mental health problems A review, Journal of Mental Health, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp 357-373.Hewitt-Taylor, J. (2002) Evidence-based practice, Nursing Standard, Vol. 17, Nos. 14-15, pp 47-52.Department of Health (2001) Valuing People A New outline for Learning Disability for the 21st Century, A White Paper, London, HMSO.Department of Health (2002) Health Action Plans and Health Facilitation Good Practice Guidance for Learning Disability Partnership Boards, London, Department of Health.Heimberg, R.G. (2002) Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder Current Status and Future Directions, Society of Biomedical Psychiatry, Vol. 51, pp 101-108.Kroese, B.S. Dagnan, D. Loumidis, K. (1997) (Eds) Cognitive-Behavio ur Therapy for People with Learning Disabilities, London, Brunner-Routledge.Kroese, B.S. (1998) Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for People with Learning Disabilities, Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, Vol. 26, pp 315-322.McInnes, E. Harvey, G. Fennessy, G. Clark, E. (2001) Implementing evidence-based practice in clinical situations, Nursing Standard, Vol. 15, No. 41, pp 40-44.Meijel, van B. Game, C. Swieten-Duijfjes, van B. Grypdonck, M.H.F. (2003) Thedevelopment of evidence-based nursing interventions methodological considerations, Journal of Advance Nursing, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp 84-92.Parry, G. (2000) Evidence-based psychotherapy In Rowland N. Goss S. (Eds) Evidence-Based Counselling and Psychological Therapies Research and Applications, London, Routledge.Ridsdale, L (1998) (Ed) Evidence-based Practice in Primary Care, London,Churchill Livingston.Rowland, N. Goss, S. (2000) (Eds) Evidence-Based Counselling and Psychological Therapies Research and Applications, London, Routledge .Sackett, D.L. Richardson, W.S. Rosenberg, W. Hayes, R.B. (1997) Evidence-based medicine how to practice and teach EBM, London, Churchill Livingston.Scholing, A. Emmelkamp, P.M.G. (1999) prognostication of treatment outcomes in social phobia a cross-validation, Behaviour Research and Therapy, Vol. 37, pp 659-670Seedhouse, D. (1998) Ethics The Heart of Health Care 2nd Edition, Chichester,Wiley.Sullivan, P. (1998) Developing evidence-based care in mental health nursing, Nursing Standard, Vol. 12, No. 31, pp 35-38

How to Study Effectively Essay

lace where you nookie make for regularly. This place should be dedicated to study, free of potential distractions from friends or family yes folks, even your cat. Regular lap in such an environment helps form good, effective study habits, and improves concentration and focus. Distractions waste precious prison term and cause tension.Get rid of clutter. Keep things simple keep things tidy.Get a study timetable organised and prioritize. Prep ar a list or timetable for tasks for that day, and for the week and number them according to which ones need to be through first. These get the priority and exit not necessarily be the easiest.Mark and label all your operate folders and content and place them in separate piles so that you can make waterly see how such(prenominal) work you need to do and what has already been revised. Tick off the tasks as they argon completed.Make confident(predicate) that the area for your study is well lit and has an ambient temperature where you can focus. The quality of focus determines the quality of understanding. You cannot throw what you learn without understanding and exams test your ability to apply what you have learnt.The Motivation for Learning should be clear top grades ordain mean higher earnings and a better quality life. Learn to work for themFood What you eat affects your thinking. The Rule is Eat Little but often. Eat healthy meals such as fish, fruits, and sandwiches that provide the vitamins and minerals that you need and do not make heavy demands on your digestive system.Know when You are Switched On. Try to be aware of your bio clock and what time of the day you work best. Optimise by revising when you work best but keep an eye on the exam date and time. You will need to get used to working at that hour.Do The Challenging Revision First when you are fresh. Trying to focus on difficult problems when you are tired can be difficult.Look afterward your physical health. Take regular breaks, get plenty of f resh air and do some walkway or stretching.Study in small chunks lasting 25 to 35 minutes. Your memory and concentration will work better if you study in short bursts but often

Native Americans in the United States and Pocahontas Life Essay

This deem was the bases and the roughly informative piece I have seen on a inspection of Pocahontas purport in my perspective. Pocahontas life is a difficult piece of history to analysis for the fact that her life is only denoted by another(prenominal) persons of history writings. She has no known piece of writing of her own so all knowledge is own(prenominal) based of outside parties. This makes it for sometimes difficult to truly believe e trulything for many of the views were from white men during a time period where they had not seen many females werent around.I believe the author thesis of the phonograph recording for the Pocahontas part was her involvement with the incline and her growth throughout her life. The other thesis of the book from the Powhatan side was thither involvement with the English as well and there plan to physical exertion the tillage but at the same time push them away. Within the first five chapter of Pocahontas and the Powhatan Dilemma it gives you a base review of history.This first part of the book it explains the culture of the Powhatan and how they are laid out. At this point in the book within the first chapter we find out that Pocahontas is only 9 years of age and her mother is nowhere to be found, but her father is Powhatan the chief of many domestic people and villages. It talks about the stretch of English in 1603 and we gather up that many ships have come before us truly universeness to talk about John Smith and Jamestown. It also mention the arrival of Don Luis and the Spanish, but doesnt get into much detail he just seems to pop up with the first few chapters her and there.We settle that Pocahontas name means mischief or the little run acrossful one. The author tells us that the native were not completely different from the Europeans just simply behind the times. We also learn that within the native culture of the Powhatan that there chiefs do not come from the next up son, but from marriage of the dau ghters. We also learn that the Europeans felt that the women of the tribes need to be saved due to their work in the fields and other jobs around the village. It speaks of the natives religion of their belief in spirits within everything. John Smith comes into play in 1606 when the English begin to prepare for the Virginia campaign.What I learn from John Smith was that he was a captain that has been captured a lot and has numerous stories of being saved by women that fall lustful in love with. As kids watching films and stories we are told of Pocahontas is her and John Smith fall in love, but at the time of them meeting Pocahontas wouldve been ten years of age. The plans of the English and John Smith was to improve native culture, use the land properly, get there before the Spanish, and bring English enlighten, and a place to send the laid-off English.One of the main fears that I read about in the reading was the fear of the English to get down like the Indians. The term we learne d in class for this is recolonization. After the landing John Smith gets interpreted by the Powhatan and convince them not to kill him by way of trade. He promises them weapons which out of smarts gives them a shank which cannot be moved. Both the native and the English realize the need of each. Without one another the English could not survive without food and the natives want weapons or easier put there technology.Over time many English were sent to live with natives to learn their culture and a native would be sent with the English. The most remarkable was Pocahontas herself was sent with the English to learn their language and lifestyle. The book talks of Pocahontas marriage first to a native warrior, but it fails to mention what happens to him. She later marries John Rolfe an English man who experience much of the reverse colonization. in the lead her marriage though Pocahontas was kidnapped one of the main characters they looked over her kidnapping was Sir Thomas Dale who w as the first Marshall of Virginia. Pocahontas would keep back herself a Christian in 1616 and then start her life with John.They would build a log on the land John was granted from the Virginia Company. They would have two children together in their lifetime. Shortly after being settled in there Pocahontas would go to London and experience true English culture. Pocahontas would become very ill around the time the Rolfe family was ready to head back to Virginia. Pocahontas died on March 21, 1617 in the Rolfe inn.What I learned from this book that for someone of her time period and of native culture Pocahontas got to see much to a greater extent than any Native American of her time period for sure. I learned that much of what we were taught or told of her in are childhood was wrong. I learned that john smith stories could not be trusted. The feeling I receive as well is Pocahontas spurned her culture and tribe, but in return was probably rejected in a way due to her mother situation . Though she might have be olympian in a way just from some of the information I read. The book was good though and I enjoyed the insist of Pocahontas life.